{"id":2273,"date":"2011-04-16T09:22:45","date_gmt":"2011-04-16T13:22:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/crcl\/?p=2273"},"modified":"2016-11-17T00:25:36","modified_gmt":"2016-11-17T05:25:36","slug":"arizona-hb-2281-aims-to-end-ethnic-studies-in-tuscon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/crcl\/arizona-hb-2281-aims-to-end-ethnic-studies-in-tuscon\/","title":{"rendered":"Arizona HB 2281 Aims to End Ethnic Studies in Tuscon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This January, Arizona Superintendent of Public  Instruction John Huppenthal told the Tucson School District to end its  Mexican-American studies  program or lose $15 million in annual state aid under a new law banning  ethnic studies programs.<\/p>\n<p>Passed in May of last year, Arizona  HB 2281 prohibits school districts and charter schools in the state  from offering any classes that &#8220;promote  the overthrow of the U.S. government,&#8221; &#8220;promote resentment toward a race  or class of people,&#8221; &#8220;are designed primarily for pupils of a particular  ethnic group,&#8221; or &#8220;advocate for ethnic solidarity instead of the treatment  of pupils as individuals.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Tucson teachers have credited the &#8220;Mexican American\/Raza Studies&#8221; program with reducing dropout rates, discipline problems,  poor attendance and failure rates among Latino students. Tucson school  board member Adelita Grijalva, who describes the courses as history with  a Mexican-American perspective, argues that the new law provides no due  process and is unconstitutional. &#8220;People of color in the state of  Arizona are under attack,&#8221; she tells <a href=\"http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2011\/US\/01\/04\/arizona.ethnic.studies.ban\/\" target=\"_blank\">CNN<\/a>. &#8220;We&#8217;re basically going from one battle to the next.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In  an effort to save the program, educators have filed suit in federal  district court against Governor Jan Brewer, the Arizona State Board of  Education and the Arizona State Superintendent of Public Instruction.\u00a0  They allege that HB 2281 violates equal protection, free speech, and due  process protections.<\/p>\n<p>Read more, including a copy of the complaint, here: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.saveethnicstudies.org\/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/www.saveethnicstudies.org\/index.shtml<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This January, Arizona Superintendent of Public Instruction John Huppenthal told the Tucson School District to end its Mexican-American studies program [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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