{"id":59,"date":"2009-09-28T13:11:31","date_gmt":"2009-09-28T17:11:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/?p=59"},"modified":"2022-01-19T12:43:55","modified_gmt":"2022-01-19T17:43:55","slug":"protocol-no-14-echr-and-russian-non-ratification-the-current-state-of-affairs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/2009\/09\/protocol-no-14-echr-and-russian-non-ratification-the-current-state-of-affairs\/","title":{"rendered":"Protocol No. 14 ECHR and Russian Non-Ratification: The Current State of Affairs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCTION<br \/>\nCrafted in the wake of World War II, the European Convention on Human Rights (\u201cECHR\u201d) was the first regional expression of fundamental human rights protection as asserted in the United Nations\u2019 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (\u201cUDHR\u201d). Its codified rights, primarily civil and political rights such as the right to life and the right to be free from torture, were to be protected by the European Commission on Human Rights (\u201cthe Commission\u201d), (now defunct) and its supervisory body, the European Court of Human Rights (\u201cECtHR\u201d or \u201cthe Court\u201d), which now sits in Strasbourg, France as the largest international court operating in the world. Additionally, the Council of Europe (\u201cthe Council\u201d) organs now include a Parliamentary Assembly with parliamentarians drawn from all participating nations, and the Committee of Ministers, a political committee comprised of representatives of all Foreign Ministers. While it cannot invalidate national laws or domestic judgments, all forty-seven Member States of the Council of Europe are bound to accept the judgments of the Court, and Strasbourg \u201ccan be seen as carrying out a judicial control, on the international plane, of the exercise of democratic discretion at the national level by domestic authorities (legislative, executive or judicial).\u201d Strasbourg\u2019s control is sometimes said to be \u201cquasi-Constitutional\u201d\u2014providing both generalized standards of human rights for the European space,<br \/>\nand through the right of individual petition, specific relief for distinct violations.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/09\/protocol14.pdf\">Click Here to Read More. (pdf)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCTION Crafted in the wake of World War II, the European Convention on Human Rights (\u201cECHR\u201d) was the first regional expression of fundamental human rights protection as asserted in the United Nations\u2019 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (\u201cUDHR\u201d). Its codified rights, primarily civil and political rights such as the right to life and the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101946,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-features"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/101946"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/hrj\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}