{"id":8787,"date":"2020-06-07T10:04:35","date_gmt":"2020-06-07T14:04:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/home\/"},"modified":"2025-09-11T10:27:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T14:27:19","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignfull is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1ec2ec05 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"alignnormal\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-10969\" style=\"width: 100%; margin: 0 auto;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-107-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-10969 ml-slider hide-slideshow-smartphone hide-navigation-smartphone hide-navigation-tablet hide-navigation-laptop hide-navigation-desktop has-dots-nav ms-theme-nexus\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"New Slideshow\" data-height=\"300\" data-width=\"700\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_10969\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_10969\">\n            <ul aria-live='off' class='slides'>\n                <li style=\"display: block; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-10977 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-08-25 12:02:06\" data-filename=\"afghani-locals-in-a-internally-displaced-persons-camp-called-the-sakhi-camp-0697a9-1024-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/afghani-locals-in-a-internally-displaced-persons-camp-called-the-sakhi-camp-0697a9-1024-700x300.jpg\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"Afghani locals in a internally displaced persons camp\" class=\"slider-10969 slide-10977 msDefaultImage\" title=\"ENDURING FREEDOM 2001\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\"><h2 style=\"text-align:center;\"><a style=\"text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/05\/displaced-at-home-proactive-justice-for-the-protection-of-internally-displaced-persons\/\">Displaced at Home: Proactive Justice for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons<\/a><\/h2> <div style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Divyabharthi Baradhan<\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-10976 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-08-25 12:02:05\" data-filename=\"Zero-Sum-Failure-700x300.png\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Zero-Sum-Failure-700x300.png\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"Black and white Photo of tanks\" class=\"slider-10969 slide-10976 msDefaultImage\" title=\"Zero-Sum Failure\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\"><h2 style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/04\/zero-sum-failure-the-intersection-of-sexual-violence-child-soldier-culpability-in-ongwen\/\">Zero-Sum Failure: The Intersection of Sexual Violence &amp; Child-Soldier Culpability in Ongwen<\/a><\/h2> <div style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Zej Moczyd\u0142owski<\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-10975 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-08-25 12:02:05\" data-filename=\"Mars-Colonization-scaled-700x300.jpg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Mars-Colonization-scaled-700x300.jpg\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"Mars\" class=\"slider-10969 slide-10975 msDefaultImage\" title=\"Mars Colonization\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\"><h2 style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/04\/tomorrow-for-which-we-are-not-prepared-why-is-the-outer-space-treaty-opposed-to-the-idea-of-colonizing-mars\/\">Tomorrow for which we are not prepared. Why is the Outer Space Treaty opposed to the idea of \u200b\u200bcolonizing Mars?<\/a><\/h2> <div style=\"text-align:center;\"> <div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\" style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Piotr Filip Parkita<\/em><\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-10974 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-08-25 12:02:04\" data-filename=\"AfCFTA-624x267.png\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/AfCFTA-624x267.png\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"A colorful map of Africa against a greyscale map\" class=\"slider-10969 slide-10974 msDefaultImage\" title=\"AfCFTA\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\"><h2 style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/04\/the-afcfta-investment-protocol-a-new-age-for-regional-investment-and-dispute-resolution\/\">The AfCFTA Investment Protocol: A New Age for Regional Investment and Dispute Resolution<\/a><\/h2> <div style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Muhammad Siddique Ali Pirzada<\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n                <li style=\"display: none; width: 100%;\" class=\"slide-10978 ms-image \" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" data-date=\"2025-08-25 12:55:14\" data-filename=\"Fishing-boat-scaled-700x300.jpeg\" data-slide-type=\"image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Fishing-boat-scaled-700x300.jpeg\" height=\"300\" width=\"700\" alt=\"Fishing boat\" class=\"slider-10969 slide-10978 msDefaultImage\" title=\"Fishing boat\" \/><div class=\"caption-wrap\"><div class=\"caption\"><h2 style=\"text-align:center;\"><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/04\/fisheries-fairness-and-the-global-south-a-twail-critique-of-the-agreement-on-fisheries-subsidies\/\">Fisheries, Fairness, and the Global South: A TWAIL Critique of the Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies<\/a><\/h2> <div style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>Sankari B<\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignfull home-column has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-5596fab9d60a2087113471069159c0a0 is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#630101\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-06a8bfd350142fbe6021ceb1941eb43d\">Harvard International Law Journal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>The oldest and most-cited student-edited journal in international law<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignwide\" style=\"min-height:357px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"8000\" height=\"4518\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-10982 size-full\" alt=\"Digital Glowing Connections. \" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254.jpg 8000w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-1024x578.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-768x434.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-1536x867.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-2048x1157.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 8000px) 100vw, 8000px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#100c06\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-b440b4f1611d09b1ceee778dba4e6b52\">The 2024 Harvard International Law Symposium: Bretton Woods 3.0? The Future of International Economic Law<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d52a28c5f3598d3452886956bd4dafd2\">Saturday, March 2 | Austin Hall | Harvard Law School<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2024\/01\/the-2024-harvard-international-law-symposium-bretton-woods-3-0-the-future-of-international-economic-law\/\">Symposium Roundup<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide has-black-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-eeec8ba1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-ast-global-color-4-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-a643043f0330a8f33dac693024b01062 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9ea0e661aee7976c5757041b43496bee\">Explore HILJ Scholarship<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Harvard International Law Journal publishes scholarship on international law from authors around the world. The views expressed in&nbsp;<em>HILJ&nbsp;<\/em>articles represent the views of their authors; not those of the HILJ editorial board.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Print<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-boat-ship-transport-vehicle-harbor-973745-pxhere.com_-1-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-boat-ship-transport-vehicle-harbor-973745-pxhere.com_-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-boat-ship-transport-vehicle-harbor-973745-pxhere.com_-1-267x200.jpg 267w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-boat-ship-transport-vehicle-harbor-973745-pxhere.com_-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-boat-ship-transport-vehicle-harbor-973745-pxhere.com_-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-boat-ship-transport-vehicle-harbor-973745-pxhere.com_-1-510x382.jpg 510w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-boat-ship-transport-vehicle-harbor-973745-pxhere.com_-1-1080x810.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-boat-ship-transport-vehicle-harbor-973745-pxhere.com_-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/03\/enforcing-international-labor-law-with-trade-incentives-insights-from-trade-based-enforcement-cases\/\">Enforcing International Labor Law with Trade Incentives: Insights from Trade-Based Enforcement Cases<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Lloyd Lyall<\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/citizenship-1024x684.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/citizenship-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/citizenship-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/citizenship-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/citizenship-1080x722.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/citizenship.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/03\/the-dilemmas-of-schrodingers-citizenship\/\">The Dilemmas of Schr\u00f6dinger\u2019s Citizenship<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">P\u00e9ter D. Szigeti<\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/337738347_78e7948dc7_b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/337738347_78e7948dc7_b.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/337738347_78e7948dc7_b-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/337738347_78e7948dc7_b-768x363.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/03\/legal-prostitution-a-crime-against-humanity\/\">Legal Prostitution: A Crime Against Humanity?<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Catharine A. MacKinnon &amp; Max Waltman<\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1023\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/14440942710_8e20635637_b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/14440942710_8e20635637_b.jpg 1023w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/14440942710_8e20635637_b-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/14440942710_8e20635637_b-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/03\/geoengineering-wars-and-atmospheric-governance\/\">Geoengineering Wars and Atmospheric Governance<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Craig Martin &amp; Scott Moore<\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/tax-law-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/tax-law-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/tax-law-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/tax-law-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/tax-law-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/tax-law-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/tax-law-1080x720.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/03\/international-tax-and-corporate-discretion\/\">International Tax and Corporate Discretion<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Jay Butler<\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/soldaty-armiya-oruzhie-siluet-2-1024x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/soldaty-armiya-oruzhie-siluet-2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/soldaty-armiya-oruzhie-siluet-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/soldaty-armiya-oruzhie-siluet-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/soldaty-armiya-oruzhie-siluet-2-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/soldaty-armiya-oruzhie-siluet-2-1080x608.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/soldaty-armiya-oruzhie-siluet-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2024\/09\/how-africa-shapes-international-law-ecowass-use-of-force-and-jus-ad-bellum\/\">How Africa Shapes International Law: ECOWAS\u2019s Use of Force and Jus ad Bellum<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Shayla Birath<\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-boat-escape-ship-boot-1063341-pxhere.com_-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-boat-escape-ship-boot-1063341-pxhere.com_-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-boat-escape-ship-boot-1063341-pxhere.com_-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-boat-escape-ship-boot-1063341-pxhere.com_-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-boat-escape-ship-boot-1063341-pxhere.com_-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-boat-escape-ship-boot-1063341-pxhere.com_-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-boat-escape-ship-boot-1063341-pxhere.com_-1080x720.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2024\/09\/toward-a-taxonomy-of-freedom-of-movement-claims-identifying-rights-based-pathways-for-todays-refugees-beyond-the-1951-refugee-convention\/\">Toward a Taxonomy of Freedom of Movement Claims: Identifying Rights-Based Pathways for Today\u2019s Refugees Beyond the 1951 Refugee  Convention<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Moria Paz<\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/house-town-building-urban-desolate-village-632530-pxhere.com-2-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/house-town-building-urban-desolate-village-632530-pxhere.com-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/house-town-building-urban-desolate-village-632530-pxhere.com-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/house-town-building-urban-desolate-village-632530-pxhere.com-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/house-town-building-urban-desolate-village-632530-pxhere.com-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/house-town-building-urban-desolate-village-632530-pxhere.com-2-1080x720.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/house-town-building-urban-desolate-village-632530-pxhere.com-2.jpg 1944w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2024\/09\/human-remedies\/\">Human Remedies<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Adi Gal<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Online<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/image-from-rawpixel-id-5949299-original-1024x525.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/image-from-rawpixel-id-5949299-original-1024x525.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/image-from-rawpixel-id-5949299-original-300x154.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/image-from-rawpixel-id-5949299-original-768x394.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/image-from-rawpixel-id-5949299-original-1536x787.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/image-from-rawpixel-id-5949299-original-2048x1050.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/03\/the-deportation-of-undocumented-patients-under-international-law\/\">The Deportation of Undocumented Patients Under International Law<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Radheesh Ameresekere* I. Introduction In the U.S., hospitals regularly deport ill and undocumented migrant patients, largely to avoid the cost of long-term care. Deportation occurs when an undocumented migrant is removed from U.S. territory to their home country. While the absence of regulatory reporting means exact figures are unavailable, historical data suggests that more than\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/03\/the-deportation-of-undocumented-patients-under-international-law\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: The Deportation of Undocumented Patients Under International Law<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Dt562CZoDKW8Coj5ESeAza-1024-80.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Dt562CZoDKW8Coj5ESeAza-1024-80.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Dt562CZoDKW8Coj5ESeAza-1024-80-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Dt562CZoDKW8Coj5ESeAza-1024-80-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/03\/corrective-measures-and-the-problem-of-transparency-at-interpol\/\">Corrective Measures and the Problem of Transparency at INTERPOL<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Charlie Magri*, Ted R. Bromund**, Sandra A. Grossman*** INTERPOL describes itself as a neutral platform for international police cooperation, grounded in Article 3 of its Constitution, which prohibits the Organization from undertaking any activity \u201cof a political, military, religious or racial character.\u201d The promise of neutrality is central to INTERPOL\u2019s legitimacy: it allows states with\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/03\/corrective-measures-and-the-problem-of-transparency-at-interpol\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Corrective Measures and the Problem of Transparency at INTERPOL<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"183\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/download-1-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/02\/small-nations-and-the-role-of-international-law-a-toolkit\/\">Small Nations and the Role of International Law: A Toolkit<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Christina Hioureas* This piece is intended to serve as a reflection, based on experience before international courts and tribunals, on how small nations can use international law to secure their interests. I posit that from the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean, principled legal strategy, anchored in the law, can rebalance global asymmetries of\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/02\/small-nations-and-the-role-of-international-law-a-toolkit\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Small Nations and the Role of International Law: A Toolkit<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/shutterstock_265982207.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/shutterstock_265982207.jpg 500w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/shutterstock_265982207-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/02\/domestic-judicial-intervention-in-international-arbitration-russias-challenge-to-party-autonomy-and-arbitral-authority\/\">Domestic Judicial Intervention in International Arbitration: Russia\u2019s Challenge to Party Autonomy and Arbitral Authority<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Diksha Singh* Introduction International arbitration has recently been challenged to its very core as the Moscow Arbitrazh Court, a state commercial court within Russia\u2019s federal judicial system, handed down a precedent-setting decision of significant practical and doctrinal consequences barring the continuation of arbitration proceedings before the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) against Russian parties. The\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/02\/domestic-judicial-intervention-in-international-arbitration-russias-challenge-to-party-autonomy-and-arbitral-authority\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Domestic Judicial Intervention in International Arbitration: Russia\u2019s Challenge to Party Autonomy and Arbitral Authority<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"695\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/15366884623_78f3d54103_b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/archivesnz\/15366884623\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/15366884623_78f3d54103_b.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/15366884623_78f3d54103_b-295x200.jpg 295w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/15366884623_78f3d54103_b-768x521.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/01\/return-to-the-moon-first-come-first-served\/\">Return to the Moon &#8211; First Come, First Served?<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Jack Wright Nelson* and David S. Schuman** I. Introduction \u201cThere\u2019s a certain part of the Moon that everyone knows is the best. We have ice there\u2014we have sunlight there. We want to get there first and claim that for America.\u201d With these words, spoken at a U.S. Department of Transportation press conference on 5 August\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2026\/01\/return-to-the-moon-first-come-first-served\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Return to the Moon &#8211; First Come, First Served?<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/4999622772_45574dc8b5_b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/4999622772_45574dc8b5_b.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/4999622772_45574dc8b5_b-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/4999622772_45574dc8b5_b-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/12\/can-the-wto-be-saved-from-its-existential-crisis\/\">Can the WTO be Saved from Its Existential Crisis?<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Mohammed Abu Saleh* For over eight decades, the rules-based trading system has underpinned prosperity, predictability, and global cooperation. Today, the system faces its gravest crisis, as it is being hacked by the very country that built it. Under the banner of \u201cAmerica First\u201d, the United States has imposed sweeping tariffs, disregarded WTO rulings, and extracted\u2026 <a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/12\/can-the-wto-be-saved-from-its-existential-crisis\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">: Can the WTO be Saved from Its Existential Crisis?<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"612\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/afghani-locals-in-a-internally-displaced-persons-camp-called-the-sakhi-camp-0697a9-1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Afghani locals in a internally displaced persons camp\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/afghani-locals-in-a-internally-displaced-persons-camp-called-the-sakhi-camp-0697a9-1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/afghani-locals-in-a-internally-displaced-persons-camp-called-the-sakhi-camp-0697a9-1024-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/afghani-locals-in-a-internally-displaced-persons-camp-called-the-sakhi-camp-0697a9-1024-768x459.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/05\/displaced-at-home-proactive-justice-for-the-protection-of-internally-displaced-persons\/\">Displaced at Home: Proactive Justice for the Protection of Internally Displaced Persons<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Divyabharthi Baradhan<\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Zero-Sum-Failure-1024x631.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"Black and white Photo of tanks\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Zero-Sum-Failure-1024x631.png 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Zero-Sum-Failure-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Zero-Sum-Failure-768x473.png 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Zero-Sum-Failure-1536x946.png 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Zero-Sum-Failure-2048x1262.png 2048w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/Zero-Sum-Failure-1080x665.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2025\/04\/zero-sum-failure-the-intersection-of-sexual-violence-child-soldier-culpability-in-ongwen\/\">Zero-Sum Failure: The Intersection of Sexual Violence &amp; Child-Soldier Culpability in Ongwen<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Zej Moczyd\u0142owski<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Features<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"526\" src=\"https:\/\/journals1stg.wpenginepowered.com\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IT_headline-1-1024x526.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IT_headline-1-1024x526.png 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IT_headline-1-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IT_headline-1-768x395.png 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IT_headline-1-1536x790.png 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IT_headline-1-1080x555.png 1080w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IT_headline-1.png 1945w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>HILJ Online<\/em>&nbsp;joined the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/international-law-journal\/on-line\/\">Georgetown Journal of International Law<\/a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.georgetown.edu\/iiel\/initiatives\/citd\/\">Georgetown Center on Inclusive Trade and Development<\/a>&nbsp;to publish online scholarship investigating the nexus between trade, technology, and climate initiatives in international law.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/online\/\">Explore the collection<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-nature-ocean-walking-bird-864098-pxhere.com-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-nature-ocean-walking-bird-864098-pxhere.com-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-nature-ocean-walking-bird-864098-pxhere.com-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-nature-ocean-walking-bird-864098-pxhere.com-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-nature-ocean-walking-bird-864098-pxhere.com-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-nature-ocean-walking-bird-864098-pxhere.com-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/sea-water-nature-ocean-walking-bird-864098-pxhere.com-1-1080x720.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2024\/05\/ai-powered-ocean-protection-and-sustainable-trade-the-galapagos-islands-as-a-case-study\/\">AI-Powered Ocean Protection and Sustainable Trade: The Galapagos Islands as a Case Study<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Mar\u00eda Isabel Ortiz Nuques<\/div><\/li>\n<li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/traffic-car-city-travel-transportation-transport-864421-pxhere.com-1-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/traffic-car-city-travel-transportation-transport-864421-pxhere.com-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/traffic-car-city-travel-transportation-transport-864421-pxhere.com-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/traffic-car-city-travel-transportation-transport-864421-pxhere.com-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/traffic-car-city-travel-transportation-transport-864421-pxhere.com-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/traffic-car-city-travel-transportation-transport-864421-pxhere.com-1-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/traffic-car-city-travel-transportation-transport-864421-pxhere.com-1-1080x720.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2024\/05\/transportation-tech-trade-using-trade-and-policy-tools-to-encourage-clean-transportation-technology\/\">Transportation Tech &amp; Trade: Using Trade and Policy Tools to Encourage Clean Transportation Technology<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Samantha Cristol<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignfull size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"8887\" height=\"3060\" src=\"https:\/\/journals1stg.wpenginepowered.com\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/HILJ-HIALSA-medium-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/HILJ-HIALSA-medium-1.png 8887w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/HILJ-HIALSA-medium-1-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/HILJ-HIALSA-medium-1-1024x353.png 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/HILJ-HIALSA-medium-1-768x264.png 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/HILJ-HIALSA-medium-1-1536x529.png 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/HILJ-HIALSA-medium-1-2048x705.png 2048w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/HILJ-HIALSA-medium-1-1080x372.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 8887px) 100vw, 8887px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>HILJ Online and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/orgs.law.harvard.edu\/hialsa\/\">Harvard International Arbitration Law Students Association<\/a>&nbsp;joined forces to publish cutting-edge articles in international arbitration.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/online\/\">Explore the collection<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__featured-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/landscape-mountain-skyline-cloudy-town-city-327815-pxhere.com-1-1-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" style=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/landscape-mountain-skyline-cloudy-town-city-327815-pxhere.com-1-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/landscape-mountain-skyline-cloudy-town-city-327815-pxhere.com-1-1-267x200.jpg 267w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/landscape-mountain-skyline-cloudy-town-city-327815-pxhere.com-1-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/landscape-mountain-skyline-cloudy-town-city-327815-pxhere.com-1-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/landscape-mountain-skyline-cloudy-town-city-327815-pxhere.com-1-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/landscape-mountain-skyline-cloudy-town-city-327815-pxhere.com-1-1-510x382.jpg 510w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/landscape-mountain-skyline-cloudy-town-city-327815-pxhere.com-1-1-1080x810.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2024\/05\/pending-challenges-for-national-and-international-arbitration-the-ecuadorian-case\/\">Pending Challenges for National and International Arbitration: The Ecuadorian Case<\/a><div class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-excerpt\">Valeria Arroyo<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:29px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignwide\" style=\"min-height:357px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"8000\" height=\"4518\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-10982 size-full\" alt=\"Digital Glowing Connections.\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254.jpg 8000w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-1024x578.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-768x434.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-1536x867.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/GettyImages-2000818254-2048x1157.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 8000px) 100vw, 8000px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#100c06\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color has-large-font-size wp-elements-31c2b469e05abf07ba7e1e6609ea787e\">Reassessing Enforcement: Strengthening Compliance with International Law<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-ast-global-color-4-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6fd1830a1f89db7247f3f6176476c8b2\">2023 HILJ Symposium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2023\/03\/symposium\/\">Symposium Roundup<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Highlights from the 2024 Symposium<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Former World Bank Deputy General Counsel Mr. Hassan Cisse Delivers the Keynote Address Mr. Cisse\u2019s remarks addressed challenges and opportunities for reform in the international financial system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-3 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1606\" height=\"1606\" data-id=\"10458\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5721-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5721-1-1.jpg 1606w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5721-1-1-200x200.jpg 200w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5721-1-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5721-1-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5721-1-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5721-1-1-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5721-1-1-1080x1080.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1606px) 100vw, 1606px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2479\" height=\"1859\" data-id=\"10455\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5709-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5709-1.jpg 2479w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5709-1-267x200.jpg 267w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5709-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5709-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5709-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5709-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5709-1-510x382.jpg 510w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_5709-1-1080x810.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2479px) 100vw, 2479px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" data-id=\"10447\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_0847-1-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_0847-1-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_0847-1-267x200.jpeg 267w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_0847-1-1024x768.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_0847-1-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_0847-1-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_0847-1-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_0847-1-510x382.jpeg 510w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/IMG_0847-1-1080x810.jpeg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other Recent HILJ Event Highlights<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2550\" height=\"1700\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/two-men-talking.jpg\" alt=\"Two men talking in a classroom\" class=\"wp-image-10983\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/two-men-talking.jpg 2550w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/two-men-talking-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/two-men-talking-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/two-men-talking-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/two-men-talking-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/two-men-talking-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Stavros Lambrinidis<\/strong><br><em>Ambassador of the European Union to the United States<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>April 2022&nbsp;<em>|&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/hls.harvard.edu\/today\/democracy-and-open-society-human-dignity-doesnt-necessarily-win-we-have-to-work-for-it\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1208\" height=\"747\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/FfIlaCiXgAAQnj9.jpeg\" alt=\" A man lecturing from a podium\" class=\"wp-image-10260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/FfIlaCiXgAAQnj9.jpeg 1208w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/FfIlaCiXgAAQnj9-300x186.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/FfIlaCiXgAAQnj9-1024x633.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/FfIlaCiXgAAQnj9-768x475.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/FfIlaCiXgAAQnj9-1080x668.jpeg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1208px) 100vw, 1208px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Valdis Dombrovskis<\/strong><br><em>European Commissioner for Trade<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>October 2022&nbsp;<em>|&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/hls.harvard.edu\/today\/democracy-and-open-society-human-dignity-doesnt-necessarily-win-we-have-to-work-for-it\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/20230324_HILJ-symposium_LGranger021-1.jpg\" alt=\"A man speaking at a podium\" class=\"wp-image-10215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/20230324_HILJ-symposium_LGranger021-1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/20230324_HILJ-symposium_LGranger021-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/20230324_HILJ-symposium_LGranger021-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/20230324_HILJ-symposium_LGranger021-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/84\/20230324_HILJ-symposium_LGranger021-1-1080x720.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Judge Y\u016bji Iwasawa<\/strong><br><em>Judge of the International Court of Justice<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>March2023&nbsp;<em>|&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/feed\/update\/urn:li:activity:7053544372805459968\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>2022 | Envisioning the Next Decade of International Law: Global Solutions to Global Challenges<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/ilj\/2022\/02\/harvard-international-law-journal-symposium-2022-envisioning-the-next-decade-of-international-law-global-solutions-to-global-challenges\/\">2022 Symposium<\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>2021 | The Future of International Law<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu.com\/ilj\/2021\/03\/harvard-international-law-journal-symposium-2021-the-future-of-international-law\/\">2021 Symposium<\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>2019 | 60 Years of Harvard ILJ<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu.com\/ilj\/2019\/03\/harvard-international-law-journal-symposium-2019-60-years-of-harvard-ilj\/\">2019 Symposium<\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Harvard International Law Journal The oldest and most-cited student-edited journal in international law Explore HILJ Scholarship The Harvard International Law [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":96,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":-1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"plain-container","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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