In 1946, the world witnessed the first-ever prosecutions of a state\u2019s leaders for planning and executing a war of aggression. The idea of holding individuals accountable for the illegal use of force\u2014the \u201csupreme international crime\u201d\u2014was considered but ultimately rejected in the wake of the First World War. A few decades later, however, following the even more destructive Second World War, the victorious powers succeeded in coming together in a court of law at Nuremberg to prosecute the leaders of Nazi Germany for waging an aggressive war against other states. Ben Ferencz, a Nuremberg prosecutor has spent the past seven decades tirelessly working to ensure that the prevention and prosecution of aggressive war-making remain on the international agenda.<\/p>\n
Now, with Ben Ferencz\u2019s work in mind, and writing as the international community prepares to decide whether to activate the ICC jurisdiction over the crime of aggression, the authors in this symposium take stock both of what has been accomplished and of what remains to be done. Building on discussions in 2015 at the Harris Institute, this symposium reflects on broader issues of accountability for the illegal use of force under international law, with the goal of influencing broader scholarly efforts that continue to shape the debate on the scope, nature, and future of the criminalization of the illegal use of force.<\/p>\n
SYMPOSIUM CONTRIBUTIONS\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Full Symposium PDF<\/a><\/p>\n INTRODUCTION<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Accountability for the Illegal Use of Force \u2013 Will the Nuremberg Legacy Be Complete?<\/strong><\/a> ESSAYS<\/p>\n Accountability for Violations of the Prohibition against the Use of Force at a Normative Crossroads<\/strong><\/a> On the Adjudication of the Illegal Use of Force at the ICC<\/strong><\/a> From Nuremberg to New York: The Final Stretch in the Campaign to<\/strong><\/a> Continued Debate Over the Crime of Aggression: A Supreme\u00a0International Irony<\/strong><\/a> The Human Right to Peace<\/strong><\/a> The Crime of Aggression in the ICC and State Responsibility<\/strong><\/a> Accounting for Victim Constituencies and the Crime of Aggression:<\/strong><\/a> The Crime of Aggression and Modes of Liability \u2013 Is There Room<\/strong><\/a> Non-State Accessories Will Not Be Immune from Prosecution for Aggression<\/strong><\/a> The Crime of Aggression under the Rome Statute and Implications for Corporate Accountability<\/strong><\/a> State Responsibility for Aggression: A Human Rights Approach<\/strong><\/a> The ICC Preventive Function with Respect to the Crime of Aggression and International Politics<\/strong><\/a> What the ICC Can Learn from the Jurisprudence of\u00a0Other Tribunals<\/strong><\/a> Accountability for the Unlawful Use of Force: Putting Peacetime First<\/strong><\/a> The Crime of Aggression: Following the Needs of a Changing World?<\/strong><\/a> The Missing Pieces in Article 8 bis (Aggression) of the Rome Statute<\/strong><\/a> The History of Aggression in International Law, Its Culmination in the\u00a0Kampala Amendments, and Its Future Legal Characterization<\/strong><\/a>
\nRebecca F. Green, Federica D\u2019Alessandra & Juan P. Calderon Meza\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nFederica D\u2019Alessandra\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nAnthony Abato\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nActivate the ICC\u2019s Jurisdiction over the Crime of Aggression<\/strong><\/a>
\nChristian Wenaweser & Sina Alavi\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nDonald M. Ferencz\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nWilliam Schabas\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nDapo Akande & Antonios Tzanakopoulos<\/em><\/p>\n
\nNew Questions Facing the International Criminal Court<\/strong><\/a>
\nMarissa R. Brodney\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nOnly for Principals?<\/strong><\/a>
\nVolker Nerlich\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nJuan P. Calderon-Meza<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\nMacKennan Graziano & Lan Mei\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nFr\u00e9d\u00e9ric M\u00e9gret\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nH\u00e9ctor Ol\u00e1solo & Lucia Carcano\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nChristopher Greenwood\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nLeila Nadya Sadat\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nSanji Mmasenono Monageng\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nDavid Scheffer\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
\nM. Cherif Bassiouni\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n