{"id":4461,"date":"2025-11-03T20:17:35","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T01:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/?page_id=4461"},"modified":"2026-01-27T18:17:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T23:17:46","slug":"markup","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/markup\/","title":{"rendered":"Markup"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:54px;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;text-transform:capitalize\"><strong>Markup<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:37px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-border-color has-ast-global-color-4-border-color has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-decf67b1fc427256b694e6698812ba8d\" style=\"background-color:#9c343b;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-right:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-left:0\"><em>Markup <\/em>is the <em>Journal on Legislation<\/em>&#8216;s blog for short, timely updates about current topics in the legislative arena, including congressional power, legislative process, statutory interpretation, administrative law, and state and local legislatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:37px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-query is-layout-flow wp-block-query-is-layout-flow\"><ul style=\"background:linear-gradient(358deg,rgba(255,255,255,0.16) 0%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%); border-style:none;border-width:0px;\" class=\"wp-block-post-template has-background has-medium-font-size is-layout-flow wp-container-core-post-template-is-layout-ea1fff98 wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow\"><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4731 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-markup tag-jordan-ascher\">\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:200;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"taxonomy-category has-link-color wp-elements-48a495f518e0852c5713cf21d6c4161b wp-block-post-terms has-text-color has-ast-global-color-8-color has-medium-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/category\/markup\/\" rel=\"tag\">Markup<\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"color:#9c343b; padding-right:0;padding-left:0;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-71bfbd9d24a3306087a8ce72aa1c408e wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/2026\/04\/13\/some-first-principles-on-large-language-model-capabilities-and-federal-rulemaking\/\" target=\"_self\" >Some First Principles on Large Language Model Capabilities and Federal Rulemaking<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"color:#9c333ab8;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-a26776e9dfbe4eaa8738bd2155f0cde3 wp-block-post-date has-text-color\"><time datetime=\"2026-04-13T13:01:31-04:00\">April 13, 2026<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\"><div style=\"color:#9c333ab8\" class=\"taxonomy-post_tag has-link-color wp-elements-71669b3ba49cd58868c7446efebbfcaa wp-block-post-terms has-text-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/tag\/jordan-ascher\/\" rel=\"tag\">Jordan Ascher<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"color:#121212c9;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-abca790981a2623df4171f2c0c5a75ff wp-block-post-excerpt has-text-color\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">When it comes to federal administrative capacity, the Trump administration is working at cross-purposes with itself. On the one hand, [&hellip;] <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4689 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-markup tag-max-spitzer\">\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:200;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"taxonomy-category has-link-color wp-elements-48a495f518e0852c5713cf21d6c4161b wp-block-post-terms has-text-color has-ast-global-color-8-color has-medium-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/category\/markup\/\" rel=\"tag\">Markup<\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"color:#9c343b; padding-right:0;padding-left:0;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-71bfbd9d24a3306087a8ce72aa1c408e wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/2026\/02\/24\/what-every-house-member-should-know-about-the-previous-question-motion\/\" target=\"_self\" >What Every House Member Should Know About the Previous Question Motion<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"color:#9c333ab8;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-a26776e9dfbe4eaa8738bd2155f0cde3 wp-block-post-date has-text-color\"><time datetime=\"2026-02-24T19:10:00-05:00\">February 24, 2026<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\"><div style=\"color:#9c333ab8\" class=\"taxonomy-post_tag has-link-color wp-elements-71669b3ba49cd58868c7446efebbfcaa wp-block-post-terms has-text-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/tag\/max-spitzer\/\" rel=\"tag\">Max Spitzer<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"color:#121212c9;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-abca790981a2623df4171f2c0c5a75ff wp-block-post-excerpt has-text-color\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">The House of Representatives is currently in an era of extreme centralization of power. The Speaker of the House, via [&hellip;] <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4487 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-markup tag-sharon-block tag-tanya-goldman\">\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:200;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"taxonomy-category has-link-color wp-elements-48a495f518e0852c5713cf21d6c4161b wp-block-post-terms has-text-color has-ast-global-color-8-color has-medium-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/category\/markup\/\" rel=\"tag\">Markup<\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"color:#9c343b; padding-right:0;padding-left:0;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-71bfbd9d24a3306087a8ce72aa1c408e wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/2025\/11\/04\/congress-must-stand-up-to-the-supreme-courts-attacks-on-independent-agencies\/\" target=\"_self\" >Congress Must Stand Up to the Supreme Court\u2019s Attacks on Independent Agencies<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"color:#9c333ab8;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-a26776e9dfbe4eaa8738bd2155f0cde3 wp-block-post-date has-text-color\"><time datetime=\"2025-11-04T12:45:20-05:00\">November 4, 2025<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\"><div style=\"color:#9c333ab8\" class=\"taxonomy-post_tag has-link-color wp-elements-71669b3ba49cd58868c7446efebbfcaa wp-block-post-terms has-text-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/tag\/sharon-block\/\" rel=\"tag\">Sharon Block<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\"> \u2022 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/tag\/tanya-goldman\/\" rel=\"tag\">Tanya Goldman<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"color:#121212c9;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-abca790981a2623df4171f2c0c5a75ff wp-block-post-excerpt has-text-color\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">The Supreme Court seems well on its way to gutting independent agencies, undermining Congress\u2019s commitment to the public that important rights and protections would be enforced by experts free from the front lines of politics. <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4475 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-markup tag-andrew-kent tag-paul-b-stephan\">\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:200;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"taxonomy-category has-link-color wp-elements-48a495f518e0852c5713cf21d6c4161b wp-block-post-terms has-text-color has-ast-global-color-8-color has-medium-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/category\/markup\/\" rel=\"tag\">Markup<\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"color:#9c343b; padding-right:0;padding-left:0;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-71bfbd9d24a3306087a8ce72aa1c408e wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/2025\/11\/04\/president-power-tariffs-peacetime\/\" target=\"_self\" >Does the President Have Power to Impose Tariffs Using Peacetime Economic Sanctions Legislation?<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"color:#9c333ab8;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-a26776e9dfbe4eaa8738bd2155f0cde3 wp-block-post-date has-text-color\"><time datetime=\"2025-11-04T11:46:02-05:00\">November 4, 2025<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\"><div style=\"color:#9c333ab8\" class=\"taxonomy-post_tag has-link-color wp-elements-71669b3ba49cd58868c7446efebbfcaa wp-block-post-terms has-text-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/tag\/andrew-kent\/\" rel=\"tag\">Andrew Kent<\/a><span class=\"wp-block-post-terms__separator\"> \u2022 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/tag\/paul-b-stephan\/\" rel=\"tag\">Paul B. Stephan<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"color:#121212c9;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-abca790981a2623df4171f2c0c5a75ff wp-block-post-excerpt has-text-color\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">In a pair of consolidated Supreme Court cases, the Justices will soon decide whether the President may impose tariffs under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977 (IEEPA), despite the existence of a separate and vast body of detailed trade legislation on topic. This post explains why we think this answer is \u2018no.\u2019 <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4465 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-markup tag-kedric-l-payne\">\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:200;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"taxonomy-category has-link-color wp-elements-48a495f518e0852c5713cf21d6c4161b wp-block-post-terms has-text-color has-ast-global-color-8-color has-medium-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/category\/markup\/\" rel=\"tag\">Markup<\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"color:#9c343b; padding-right:0;padding-left:0;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-71bfbd9d24a3306087a8ce72aa1c408e wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/2025\/11\/03\/congressional-stock-trading-ban-challenges\/\" target=\"_self\" >A Legislative Shift in Ethics Reform: Congressional Stock Trading Ban Challenges Transparency-Based Remedies<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"color:#9c333ab8;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-a26776e9dfbe4eaa8738bd2155f0cde3 wp-block-post-date has-text-color\"><time datetime=\"2025-11-03T20:25:47-05:00\">November 3, 2025<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\"><div style=\"color:#9c333ab8\" class=\"taxonomy-post_tag has-link-color wp-elements-71669b3ba49cd58868c7446efebbfcaa wp-block-post-terms has-text-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/tag\/kedric-l-payne\/\" rel=\"tag\">Kedric L. Payne<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"color:#121212c9;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-abca790981a2623df4171f2c0c5a75ff wp-block-post-excerpt has-text-color\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">The STOCK Act, which created a new requirement for officials to publicly report their stock trades within forty-five days of the transaction, intended to increase public trust in Congress by giving Americans an inside look into the financial interests of their lawmakers. This law was an overwhelming failure in two ways. <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-4452 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-markup tag-dave-rapallo\">\n<div style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:200;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\" class=\"taxonomy-category has-link-color wp-elements-48a495f518e0852c5713cf21d6c4161b wp-block-post-terms has-text-color has-ast-global-color-8-color has-medium-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/category\/markup\/\" rel=\"tag\">Markup<\/a><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"color:#9c343b; padding-right:0;padding-left:0;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-71bfbd9d24a3306087a8ce72aa1c408e wp-block-post-title has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/2025\/11\/03\/the-accelerating-assault-on-minority-rights-in-congress\/\" target=\"_self\" >The Accelerating Assault on Minority Rights in Congress<\/a><\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"color:#9c333ab8;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-a26776e9dfbe4eaa8738bd2155f0cde3 wp-block-post-date has-text-color\"><time datetime=\"2025-11-03T19:27:42-05:00\">November 3, 2025<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\"><div style=\"color:#9c333ab8\" class=\"taxonomy-post_tag has-link-color wp-elements-71669b3ba49cd58868c7446efebbfcaa wp-block-post-terms has-text-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/tag\/dave-rapallo\/\" rel=\"tag\">Dave Rapallo<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"color:#121212c9;\" class=\"has-link-color wp-elements-abca790981a2623df4171f2c0c5a75ff wp-block-post-excerpt has-text-color\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt\">When Republican Majority Leader John Thune took to the Senate floor to weaken the filibuster on September 11, 2025, it was not just another sign of partisan acrimony in Washington. It was also the latest example of what may be developing into one of the most accelerated trends in a generation to curtail the rights of the minority party in Congress. <\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-7cc3c2dd5206a0ea442f8a6da5e1a05e\" style=\"background-color:#9c343b\"><em>Markup<\/em>&#8216;s faculty advisor is <a href=\"https:\/\/hls.harvard.edu\/faculty\/sharon-block\/\">Sharon Block<\/a>, Professor of Practice at Harvard Law School.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">All articles express the viewpoint of their authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the&nbsp;<em>Journal<\/em>&nbsp;or Harvard Law School.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jol\/submissions\/\" data-type=\"page\" 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