{"id":3291,"date":"2023-05-17T12:00:58","date_gmt":"2023-05-17T16:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jsel\/?p=3291"},"modified":"2023-07-25T11:40:11","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T15:40:11","slug":"establishment-of-the-nba-bubble-guidelines-for-the-resumption-of-the-2019-20-season","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/jsel\/2023\/05\/establishment-of-the-nba-bubble-guidelines-for-the-resumption-of-the-2019-20-season\/","title":{"rendered":"ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NBA \u201cBUBBLE\u201d GUIDELINES FOR THE RESUMPTION OF THE 2019-20 SEASON"},"content":{"rendered":"

(PDF Version Here<\/a>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eric Zilber[*]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

TABLE OF CONTENTS<\/strong>[\u2020]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Introduction<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

COVID-19 Background<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

The Challenges Facing the NBA<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Initial Planning<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

The \u201cBubble\u201d Emerges as a Front-Runner<\/em><\/strong> <\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cBubble\u201d Plans Solidify and the Protocols<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Phase One<\/em> <\/a><\/p>\n

Phase Two<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Phase Three<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Phase Three-A<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Phase Four<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Phase Five<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Phase Six<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Exhibit A \u2013 Spread of COVID-19<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Exhibit B \u2013 ESPN Wide World of Sports (\u201cWWOS\u201d) Map<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Exhibit C \u2013 Testing Timeline for Players and Essential Staff<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Exhibit D \u2013 Participant Tiers<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Exhibit E \u2013 Masks\/Face Coverings During Games<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Exhibit F \u2013 COVID-19 Testing and Monitoring Requirements<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>Introduction<\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n

On March 11, 2020, the 2019-20 National Basketball Association (\u201cNBA\u201d) Season hung in the balance after Rudy Gobert tested positive for coronavirus prior to the tip-off of a game between the Utah Jazz and Oklahoma City Thunder.[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 At the time, the United States was starting to learn about the SARS-CoV-2 (\u201cCOVID-19\u201d) virus that would impact daily life for the foreseeable future.\u00a0 While the World Health Organization (\u201cWHO\u201d) declared COVID-19 a pandemic on the same date,[2]<\/sup><\/a> the gravity of the situation to many was still unclear because, at this point, the U.S. had only detected approximately 1,000 cases of COVID-19.[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Despite this, the NBA took swift action that night by suspending gameplay.[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Across the sporting landscape: March Madness was canceled,[5]<\/sup><\/a> MLB negotiations stalled resulting in a shortened season,[6]<\/sup><\/a> the Kentucky Derby was postponed,[7]<\/sup><\/a> and the 2020 Summer Olympics were delayed a year.[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 By contrast, on June 5, the NBA\u2019s Board of Governors had approved by a 29-1 vote a 22-team format for restarting the season at the Disney Campus outside Orlando, Florida.[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Upon reaching the conclusion of the NBA Finals on October 11 (after 107 days and 172 games),[10]<\/sup><\/a> there were a total of zero positive player COVID-19 cases for the duration of the bubble.[11]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 This paper explores how the NBA navigated the challenges of COVID-19, first and foremost, ensuring the safety of all participating players, coaches, and staff.<\/p>\n

<\/a>COVID-19 Background<\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n

To begin understanding the gargantuan task of safely resuming any activity, let alone a contact sport, requires a rewind to the state of the public health crisis in early 2020.\u00a0 COVID-19 was first identified among patients with severe respiratory infections in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China.[12]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 On January 19, 2020, the first United States-identified case of COVID-19 was diagnosed in a man who had days earlier traveled from Wuhan to the State of Washington.[13]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 By February, there were fifteen cases, all tied to China.[14]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 However, it was estimated that those individuals had likely infected over 2,000 others throughout major cities in the United States.[15]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Nonetheless, nationwide travel restrictions from identified outbreak hotspots \u2013 China,[16]<\/sup><\/a> Iran,[17]<\/sup><\/a> the Schengen Area comprised of twenty-six European states,[18]<\/sup><\/a> and the United Kingdom and Ireland[19]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 were established.\u00a0 President Trump also invoked the National Emergencies Act[20]<\/sup><\/a> to declare the pandemic a national emergency,[21]<\/sup><\/a> thereby freeing funds for emergency aid to state and local governments.\u00a0 States responded in the form of stay-at-home orders, but varied significantly in terms of their start date (e.g., California: March 19, South Carolina: April 7), restrictiveness (i.e., advisory vs. mandatory), and duration.[22]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 As the COVID-19 health crisis continued to envelop the United States, restrictions grew in tandem, making it more difficult to envision how a return to \u201cnormal\u201d could be achieved.<\/p>\n

<\/a>The Challenges Facing the NBA<\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n

After suspending its season, the NBA had to examine what a \u201creturn to play\u201d could look like and how to address various concerns of the relevant parties properly.\u00a0 A central issue was the cascading effect of any player, coach, or staff testing positive for the virus.[23]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To this end, the research found that prolonged, unprotected close contact (within six feet of a confirmed COVID-19 infected individual for at least fifteen minutes)[24]<\/sup><\/a> \u2013 a given in any basketball competition \u2013 resulted in the greatest likelihood of transmitting the virus.[25]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Not only would a player testing positive have to be sidelined, but practically any other player on the court at the same time would need to quarantine for fourteen days.[26]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Another challenge included coaches,[27]<\/sup><\/a> half of which were older than fifty, and a few of which were over 65, causing them to be at greater risk for COVID-19 complications. \u00a0Doctors also warned about the long-term effects of the virus on players\u2019 lungs and hearts.[28]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Other conditions \u2013 including sickle cell disease, COPD, immunocompromised state, diabetes, and thalassemia \u2013 with increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness had to be monitored.[29]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (\u201cCDC\u201d) guidance in mid-March warned against gatherings of fifty people or more,[30]<\/sup><\/a> dimming the prospect of any professional sporting competition (with or without fans). \u00a0Players and staff also had to deal with mental health issues related to being confined at home and dealing with ailing or deceased family members,[31]<\/sup><\/a> all the while continuing to remain in shape during the hiatus.[32]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Another undeniably challenging situation was determining what the appropriate role of basketball and its players should be vis-\u00e0-vis the social justice movement[33]<\/sup><\/a> in the aftermath of the Breonna Taylor and George Floyd killings.[34]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Some players donated considerable time and resources[35]<\/sup><\/a> to the Black Lives Matter movement, while others advanced whether it was even appropriate to play at all.[36]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All of these factions and concerns needed to be addressed in the ultimate iteration of the NBA \u201cBubble.\u201d<\/p>\n

After Commissioner Silver suspended the season, an omnipresent concern related to effect of the 2017 Collective Bargaining Agreement\u2019s (\u201cCBA\u2019s\u201d)[37]<\/sup><\/a> force majeure<\/em> clause.[38]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Generally speaking, a force majeure<\/em> (derived from French for \u201csuperior force\u201d) provision excuses a party\u2019s performance under a contract (or CBA) when an \u201cact of God\u201d or some other extraordinary event precludes a party from fulfilling its obligations.[39]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Per the NBA CBA, a force majeure <\/em>event includes the occurrence of an epidemic[40]<\/sup><\/a> or any governmental order or action provided that either: \u201c(i) makes it impossible for the NBA to perform its obligations under [the CBA], or (ii) frustrates the underlying purpose of [the CBA], or (iii) makes it economically impracticable for the NBA to perform its obligations under [the CBA].\u201d[41]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The above is modified to provide that the triggering event of the force majeure<\/em> clause could not be within the reasonable control of the NBA or a team.[42]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Of significant importance to players was that if a force majeure <\/em>event resulted in any \u201cmissed Exhibition, Regular Season, or Playoff game during such period that was not rescheduled and replayed,\u201d each missed game would reduce a player\u2019s compensation by 1\/92.6th for that respective season.[43]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 At this point in the season, all teams had played their exhibition games, but only 64 to 67 of their 82 regular season games (79-83%) and no playoff games.[44]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Notice to the NBA Players Association (\u201cNBPA\u201d) of a force majeure<\/em> event was required within sixty days of said event, after which the NBA would have another sixty days to terminate the CBA.[45]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 It was unclear when, specifically, the triggering event occurred though likely dates were March 11, when the 2019-20 season was suspended,[46]<\/sup><\/a> or March 13, when President Trump declared a national emergency.[47]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Either way, the future did not seem promising, and it remained uncertain whether a season of any kind was feasible.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Initial Planning<\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n

Following March, the COVID-19 landscape in the United States continued to worsen, and the NBA began taking its first major steps during the hiatus.\u00a0 Rumors swirled about a possible single-site location without fans for a season continuation and playoffs, which included locations in Las Vegas, the Bahamas, Orlando, Atlantic City, Hawaii, and Louisville.[48]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 At the same time, to offset a projected decrease in revenue,[49]<\/sup><\/a> the NBA\u2019s top 100 executives and senior leaders received a twenty percent pay cut.[50]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Fortunately, and as United States unemployment rates edged towards fifteen percent,[51]<\/sup><\/a> said NBA cuts would not impact support or administrative staff across the organization.[52]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Soon, the idea of a \u201cbubble\u201d gathered momentum as the NBA had some experience, through the MGM Resorts G League Winter Showcase in Las Vegas, of hosting a fan-less competition with 28 G League teams present.[53]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Eyes then turned to the world\u2019s only professional basketball league that was continuing to operate during COVID-19, the Taiwanese Super Basketball League (\u201cSBL\u201d).[54]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Unlike the NBA, only five teams participated in the SBL, but the SBL\u2019s safety measures \u2013 maximum arena capacity of 100, facemask adherence by non-athletes, and temperature checks for players \u2013 were viewed favorably.[55]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Similar \u201cbubble\u201d plans (i.e., two locations, multiple daily temperature tests, and no fan attendance)[56]<\/sup><\/a> were being considered by the Chinese Basketball Association even as the Chinese government issued orders restricting group sporting events.[57]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Weeks prior, LeBron James had balked at playing in a fan-less arena, stating, \u201cWe play games without the fans? Nah, that\u2019s impossible.\u201d[58]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Many doctors and epidemiologists, for different reasons too, viewed the \u201cbubble\u201d as far-fetched, citing: the difficulty of properly quarantining players in a closed community, the strain of being separated from families, and the lack of COVID-19 testing capabilities, among other issues.[59]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

As the year of COVID-19 progressed, the NBA and NBPA continued taking steps to ensure some return-to-play could be achieved.[60]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Many players lacked access to adequate training space as teams shut down their practice and training facilities in March,[61]<\/sup><\/a> and public health clubs, fitness centers, gyms, college facilities, or the like remained off-limits.[62]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 As a starting point, and depending on state and local restrictions, teams were advised that practice facilities could reopen on May 8 with various limitations (e.g., no more than four players at the facility at a time, prohibitions on group activity, and no coaches).[63]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Later in May, Commissioner Silver addressed that \u201c[the] CBA was not built for an extended pandemic,\u201d causing the NBA and NBPA to agree to extend the league\u2019s right to terminate the CBA until September.[64]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 A postponement seemed reasonable as the salary cap and luxury tax thresholds depended on NBA revenue, approximately 40% of which derived from game-night receipts.[65]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Both parties hoped to avoid a lengthy play stoppage, which could result from a CBA termination.<\/p>\n

<\/a>The \u201cBubble\u201d Emerges as a Front-Runner<\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n

Eventually, the ESPN Wide World of Sports at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida emerged as a front-runner for hosting the remainder of the NBA season through exploratory conversations.[66]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Ties between the NBA and Disney, were well-documented[67]<\/sup><\/a> and the Disney-owned ESPN would stand to benefit from any major return to sports broadcasting.[68]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 As health and safety continued to be the priority, a 220-acre complex, equipped with three arenas (see Exhibit B) and plentiful hotel accommodations, could also greatly limit outside exposure.[69]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 As it related to COVID-19, the number of cases in Florida continued to climb[70]<\/sup><\/a> causing some concern about infiltration of the \u201cbubble\u201d by third parties and, thereby, infection of players.[71]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 On the other hand, Florida\u2019s more flexible approach to COVID-19[72]<\/sup><\/a> reduced some challenges of hosting the \u201cbubble\u201d as compared to other states. \u00a0Conveniently, even in Phase One of Florida\u2019s reopening, professional sports venues could remain operational and host trainings, competitions, events, and games.[73]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 By June 4, the NBA\u2019s board of governors approved via a 29-1 vote (with Portland as the lone team voting against the plan) a 22-team format to resume the 2019-20 season at Disney World on July 31, including 8 games, play-in tournament, and playoffs for the top 16 seeds.[74]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The following day, the NBPA Board of Player Representatives approved further negotiations with the NBA on a return to play.[75]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Another significant step by the NBA and NBPA involved focusing the goal of the \u201cbubble\u201d in Orlando on taking collective action against systemic racism and promoting social justice.[76]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The next major building block of the \u201cbubble\u201d was developing and releasing the health and safety guidelines.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u201cBubble\u201d Plans Solidify and the Protocols<\/em><\/strong><\/h1>\n

After months of development, the NBA released its 113-page Health and Safety Protocols for the Resumption of the 2019-20 NBA Season<\/em> (the \u201cProtocols\u201d) on June 16.[77]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players were given until June 24 to report to their teams whether they planned to participate in the \u201cbubble.\u201d[78]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The prospective date for the resumption of games was set for July 30.\u00a0 In the background, Florida reported its largest one-day increase in COVID-19 cases, though Governor DeSantis remained resolute about not \u201cshutting down\u201d the state.[79]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For the \u201cbubble\u201d to function, all relevant personnel would need to progress through six phases necessary for restart, with the last phase being the \u201cbubble.\u201d[80]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Notably, the Protocols<\/em> were developed based on prevailing CDC and medical expert guidance, as well as from similar protocols created by other sports leagues.[81]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>Phase One<\/em><\/h2>\n

To begin Phase One (from June 12\u201322) of the return process, players residing internationally would need to return to their respective market by June 15 and domestic players by June 22, subject to government restrictions.[82]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Essential staff members \u2013 those training, coaching, or providing medical services for players in the team market or \u201cbubble\u201d campus \u2013 needed to do the same.[83]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If barred entry due to government restrictions, teams were to assist said individuals.[84]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 While traveling, players and essential staff members were advised to heed recommended precautions (e.g., cleaning hands frequently, wearing a face covering, keeping physical distance).[85]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Individuals (and household members) were then to self-quarantine at home, with the exception of visiting a team facility, essential activities, or commuting.[86]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Particularly, crowded settings were to be avoided, except that engagement in protests was acceptable if properly donning a face covering and engaging in hand hygiene.[87]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To ensure the NBA accounted for individuals (players, staff, and household members) with characteristics or medical conditions that might render one at higher risk of COVID-19 complications, all needed to complete a medical history questionnaire.[88]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Given many players were living with other household members, for both sides\u2019 safety, teams were to offer these members virtual education and information sessions to promote an understanding of best practices for reducing the risk of infection and spread of COVID-19.[89]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams, if not restricted by state or local guidance, could continue making their facilities available for workouts or treatments on a voluntary, individual basis.[90]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 These measures were intended to begin the process of bringing NBA personnel into their team markets and continuing the COVID-19 education process.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Phase Two<\/em><\/h2>\n

Following Phase One, Phase Two (June 23\u201330) would begin with a focus on COVID-19 testing to determine an infection baseline within the league.\u00a0 All players and essential staff members were required to undergo, on June 23, a PCR and serology\/antibody (blood) test through an approved testing provider.[91]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 From this mandatory testing, 16 out of a pool of 302 players tested positive for coronavirus, with none experiencing serious illness.[92]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 PCR testing would continue to be conducted on an every-other-day basis, but with serology\/antibody testing only in the case of a positive result.[93]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 While the NBA sought to maximize the testing of players, it did not do so in a vacuum and addressed some of the worries about preferential treatment for professional athletes.[94]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Tests were not to be administered if they would adversely impact the availability of testing for healthcare workers, first responders, symptomatic individuals, or high-priority groups in a team\u2019s community.[95]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Free COVID-19 testing for community members would also be set up through collaboration with the National Urban League and community partners in the respective team\u2019s city.[96]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 During COVID-19 testing, teams needed to ensure the following: physician availability to answer questions or concerns, a properly cleaned and distanced testing area (if possible, outdoors), and appropriate personal protective equipment (\u201cPPE\u201d) for all test administrators.[97]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If any player returned a positive PCR test, said player would be required to self-isolate and complete the required procedures for return (see Exhibit F).[98]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0A team physician would then need to notify the league of any positive PCR result as well.[99]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Due to possible cardiac complications, any player testing positive for COVID-19 would additionally need to complete a cardiac screening and refrain from exercise training for two weeks from the later of a positive test or resolution of viral symptoms.[100]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For completeness, during any test days or before voluntary workouts, players and essential staff needed to be temperature-screened and report any COVID-19 symptoms.[101]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Each player, if requested, would also be required to submit to a physical examination.[102]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Team-designated physicians needed to review players\u2019 (and traveling staff members\u2019) medical history questionnaires and clear said players for competition while also identifying any higher-risk individuals and necessary restrictions.[103]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Specific guidelines also existed for designating players as non-participating (including \u201cHigher-Risk,\u201d \u201cExcused,\u201d and \u201cProtected\u201d per below) as well as the ramifications of this status.\u00a0 No player was required to participate, could be coerced into doing so, or disciplined for not participating by his team.[104]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For players worried about transmitting COVID-19 to higher-risk household members, teams could provide separate housing so that the player could attend team functions through Phase 3.[105]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 However, players (not designated as \u201cExcused\u201d or \u201cProtected\u201d) who failed or refused to provide their services \u201cwithout proper and reasonable cause or excuse\u201d[106]<\/sup><\/a> would have their compensation reduced.[107]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In some cases, the matter could be referred to a three-physician panel who would determine based on relevant medical information whether a player was a \u201cHigher-Risk\u201d individual and therefore \u201cExcused.\u201d[108]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 An appeals process existed to overturn any arbitrary and capricious panel determinations.[109]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For any player that contracted COVID-19 during Phase 4 and desired not to continue participating in the \u201cbubble,\u201d said player would be \u201cExcused\u201d so long as, within the past two weeks, they had not left the campus or had prohibited contact with non-team personnel.[110]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If a team determined that a player\u2019s risk factors (per questionnaire or medical history) would present a direct threat to his health, the team would protect the player by excluding him from competition and classifying him as \u201cProtected.\u201d[111]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Again, this designation could be subject to a physician panel review.[112]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Traveling staff members would also be expected to participate in the \u201cbubble\u201d unless found to be at \u201cHigher-Risk\u201d or \u201cProtected\u201d under similar procedures as the players.[113]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In advance of Phase 3, to ensure players\u2019 and essential staff\u2019s compliance with the Protocols<\/em>, a virtual educational session had to be held by teams covering COVID-19-related topics.[114]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

A few other conditions for return related to facilities and the traveling party had to be met before the beginning of Phase 3.\u00a0 To the extent facilities were not yet open, a team\u2019s Facility Hygiene Officer (or someone in their stead) had to conduct a walkthrough of the facilities prior to a resumption of team activities.[115]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Specifically, facilities were to have mapped optimal paths of travel and closed areas where individuals might be prone to clustering.[116]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To do so, various visual cues could facilitate movement through the facility.[117]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Any high-trafficked areas and facility spaces used by players or team staff needed to be cleaned and disinfected if used by any staff within a week of reopening.[118]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In advance of traveling to the \u201cbubble,\u201d teams needed to provide a \u201cTraveling Party\u201d list of no more than thirty-seven individuals.[119]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Between thirteen and seventeen players were required to attend, with the understanding that no guests could accompany the players for the \u201cbubble\u2019s\u201d opening.[120]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Besides players, select athletic trainers, strength and conditioning coach, equipment manager, and team security staff needed to attend.[121]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To assist with resolving issues at the \u201cbubble\u201d in real-time, a senior executive from each team\u2019s basketball operations department had to accompany the team.[122]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 At each team\u2019s discretion, one member of a player\u2019s private security staff, personal trainer, or massage therapist could be included in the Traveling Party if approved by the league.[123]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams were also allowed to bring one staff member from each of the social content and basketball communications departments.[124]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 When choosing which individuals to include for traveling to the \u201cbubble,\u201d teams were told to identify members who could serve cross-functional purposes in the event that one member became unavailable.[125]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Given the difficulty of ensuring each team would have appropriate medical care, the NBA arranged for team physicians to provide coverage and on-site mental health professionals.[126]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For reinforcement before the start of the playoffs, the NBA and NBPA were to jointly discuss teams being able to bring two staff members after the first round and Conference Semifinals; also, some team staff members might be able to rotate with others.[127]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If permitted, all newly admitted (to the \u201cbubble\u201d) team members would need to be cleared for travel two weeks in advance and some period of quarantine, monitoring, and testing upon arrival to the campus.[128]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Lastly, each team\u2019s planned operations (for Phases 2 and 3) had to be permissible under prevailing state or local laws or regulations.[129]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>Phase Three<\/em><\/h2>\n

This next phase (July 1 \u2013 July (9\u201311)) is related to teams that required their players to participate in workouts or treatments at a practice, training, or league-approved facility. All players and essential staff needed to be PCR tested every other day through the day of travel to a campus.[130]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Particularly, testing of asymptomatic individuals remained an important tool for reducing the introduction of COVID-19 into the facilities.[131]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Testing would be permitted so long as it did not disadvantage at-risk populations in each team\u2019s home community.[132]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Any positive PCR test results would result in that individual\u2019s self-isolation until they satisfied the requisite protocol, see Exhibit F.[133]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0Alongside regular testing, players, and staff could voluntarily participate in a study with the Yale School of Public Health that sought to develop a COVID-19 saliva-based test available to the general population.[134]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In this case, the NBA tried its best to use its unique COVID-19-testing market position to help others in need.<\/p>\n

Extensive precautions remained in place throughout this phase. In-person group activities remained off-limits, though teams could engage in virtual workout sessions from players\u2019 homes.[135]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams were encouraged to stagger workout and treatment sessions throughout their facilities to reduce player interactions and to allow for proper cleaning.[136]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Except for during testing, a limit of eight players could be present at a facility at any given time.[137]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To reduce interactions, no more than two (tested) team staff members could provide in-person supervision for individual workouts.[138]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams were also encouraged to assign staff to players to reduce the number of staff that each player is exposed to.[139]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Unless approved by the NBA, players could not use facilities other than those operated by their team.[140]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 As needed, staff members could provide individual treatments to players so long as physical contact was minimized, treatment tables were disinfected, and substances (e.g., creams, gels) from shared containers were not used.[141]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 At all times \u2013 except when at home, in a car, or exercising outdoors \u2013 players and staff must continue to wear masks or face coverings.[142]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Staff must wash their hands before engaging in any physical contact with players and wear gloves, if asked to do so by a player.[143]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In most instances (excluding certain strength and conditioning activities), twelve feet of distance had to be maintained at all times in the team facility.[144]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 No more than one player could use a basket at a time.[145]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 As a greater precaution, further disinfecting and cleaning procedures were necessary for training\/practice equipment, mouthpieces, linens\/personal items (e.g., deodorant), and hot\/cold tubs.[146]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Steam rooms and dry saunas remained prohibited.[147]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Food or beverages were not to be shared by players and staff.[148]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Further, no food was to be provided for consumption at the team facility except for individually-bottled beverages and single-use food items in areas that are not shared.[149]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If teams opted to provide meals for players to consume at home, pre-packaged meals in individual containers could be delivered or picked up by players while at the facility.[150]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Additional requirements ranging from cleaning protocols to facilities changes were required of participating teams. Unsurprisingly, external media was not permitted in this phase; all interviews had to be done virtually.[151]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Facilities cleaning and disinfecting guidance per the CDC and EPA[152]<\/sup><\/a> was to be followed and regularly monitored for changes.\u00a0 High-traffic areas (e.g., doorknobs, restrooms, tables) were to be cleaned at least twice daily; all areas of the practice facilities where players were present need to be sanitized as well.[153]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All players and staff needed to clean their hands upon entry to the facility, every hour at the facility, and between workouts\/treatments.[154]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If any individual felt sick or exhibited any COVID-19 symptoms, they needed to report this occurrence to medical staff or an HR contact.[155]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams needed to have protocols for isolating individuals with COVID-19 symptoms, administering testing, and treating any such symptoms.[156]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Medical care should be provided at home until cleared to leave isolation.[157]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams must notify a designated NBA contact, local public health authorities (as needed), and individuals present at the facility when the infected player was there.[158]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All individuals should enter the facilities on their own after having traveled in a private or team-provided vehicle.[159]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Before entry and later in the day (if present for a full day), individuals\u2019 temperatures and symptoms must be taken and individuals monitored by the team.[160]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 At-home screening may also be completed by individuals if done at approximately the same time daily.[161]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All frequently touched objects possessed by individuals should be cleaned and disinfected upon entry.[162]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

If not previously done, teams must meet various facilities and health-related requirements.\u00a0 HVAC and filtration\/circulation systems should be updated to increase airflow and fresh air within the facility.[163]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Doors and windows must be opened regularly, where possible the facility should be automated or no-touch, precautionary signage should be posted, and non-essential group spaces should be closed.[164]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 There should be a health-related check-in process for players prior to traveling to the facility.[165]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Known COVID-19 cases should be monitored and coordinated by a team physician and infectious disease specialist to determine an appropriate return timeline.[166]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To avoid various muscle and bone stress injuries, conditioning should be ramped up with input from coaching and health and performance staff.[167]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Mental health resources should be made readily available, and individuals are encouraged to access resources through the NBPA.[168]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

A few miscellaneous protocols rounded out the team requirements through Phase 3 of the \u201cbubble.\u201d\u00a0 Parking spaces were to be designated to promote social distancing among individuals.[169]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For purposes of monitoring compliance with all protocols, teams were to designate a Facility Hygiene Officer and up to two designees.[170]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All areas with required face-to-face interaction should have a partition installed.[171]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To maintain a proper flow of movement, separate entrances were to be used, as well as visual markers to designate foot traffic direction.[172]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Cleaning staff should be assigned to sections of the facility for exposure reduction, and a checklist should be maintained to ensure disinfection of high-touch\/frequently used equipment.[173]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Soft and porous materials (e.g., fabric chairs, rugs) should be removed to avoid cleaning challenges.[174]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players should be discouraged from showering or changing clothes at the facility and, if permitted, distancing must be maintained, and clean practice gear can be provided.[175]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Towels and other sweat-absorbing items should be provided to reduce players touching their faces.[176]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Laundering of used cloth materials should be done after every use and on the warmest appropriate setting.[177]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 When possible, equipment should be provided to players on an individual basis especially items that are absorbent and difficult to disinfect.[178]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 With respect to food preparation, such areas should be sanitized daily before and after cooking; staff must wear disposable gloves and a facemask at all times.[179]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Food deliveries to the facility should be limited as much as possible to reduce contact with external individuals.[180]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Similarly, players should only eat at their residence and with household members.[181]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In event that a substitute player is signed by a team after July 1, 2020, he must undergo a medical history review and relevant COVID-19 testing before engaging in any team activities.[182]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Phase Three-A<\/em><\/h2>\n

Teams were next expected to travel in cohorts to Orlando over the course of three days (July (7\u20139) \u2013 July (9\u201311)).[183]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 During the transition, every traveling member took part in a second virtual education and training session led by the team physician and infectious disease specialist.[184]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams needed to arrive either by charter flight or by bus to the ESPN campus.[185]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Only individuals who had only tested negative via PCR test or had discontinued isolation (after a positive result) could attend if they had no COVID-19 symptoms and were not otherwise exposed to COVID-19.[186]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In relation to traveling, teams needed to discuss best practices for hand and respiratory hygiene, conduct a temperature\/symptom screening, require masks or face covering, and maximize physical distancing.[187]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To reduce touchpoints, if food service was necessary, only individual pre-packaged servings and bottled beverages could be provided.[188]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Prior to using the plane and\/or bus, transportation vendors ensured thorough cleaning and disinfecting.[189]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All transportation personnel had to be temperature checked and masked with appropriate PPE.[190]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Out of an abundance of caution, teams rear-loaded their players out of the team buses installed a driver-passenger barrier, and employed a designated luggage handler.[191]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Buses with cloth seats were to be avoided. Otherwise, they had to be vacant for five days prior to use.[192]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Upon arrival at the airport, two buses transported each team directly to campus; luggage traveled separately.[193]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Once on campus, all individuals were required to wash their hands properly.[194]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Precautions continued to extend during the teams\u2019 arrival.\u00a0 All individuals had to undergo PCR testing coordinated by a league-affiliated testing provider.[195]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In the event of any positive test result, said individual could not participate in team activities on campus and had to follow the associated protocols, see Exhibit F.[196]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 During the period between July 7 and 13, only two out of the 322 players that arrived at the \u201cbubble\u201d returned confirmed positive test results; both players left the bubble to self-isolate.[197]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 MagicBands[198]<\/a> were also distributed for use on campus.[199]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Appropriate distance between individuals had to be maintained during check-in.[200]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For the duration of their stay, players, coaches, and health\/performance staff were not to share elevators with other individuals from the team.[201]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If possible, staggered elevator rides were encouraged.[202]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Disinfected luggage and personal belongings were to be picked up by their owners, assisted by a team\u2019s staff member(s), and\/or potentially Disney hotel staff.[203]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Disney cast members were not to deliver luggage inside a player\u2019s or staff\u2019s room.[204]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 An in-room quarantine followed until the check-in PCR test returned negative, and another PCR test was taken (at least 24 hours after the first) and returned negative.[205]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 In total, individuals were to expected remain in their rooms for approximately 36 to 48 hours.[206]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All meals during this time would be delivered directly to the respective room.[207]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Phase Four<\/em><\/h2>\n

After Phase Three-A, teams that participated in team activities in the \u201cbubble\u201d needed to abide by further protocols from July 9\u201321.\u00a0 Given that teams arrived at the campus on staggered dates, and to ensure equal time for team activities, teams would play their first games in a sequential order (e.g., teams arriving as part of the July 9 cohort would play one another).[208]<\/sup><\/a> \u00a0Players and team staff (Tiers 1 and 2) continued to be subject to regular PCR testing, with testing administered by the league.[209]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Test samples would be collected via a non-nasopharyngeal swab, with a possibility of saliva testing depending on research conducted via Phase Three. \u00a0To reduce turnaround times, samples from players, coaches, and referees would be collected in the evening, with results ideally produced by morning.[210]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Each campus hotel would have swabbing capabilities throughout the day with rolling testing.[211]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To increase the surrounding community\u2019s testing capacity, the league would donate some of its own.[212]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Any positive PCR test result could immediately result in a team physician\u2019s being notified and the potentially infected individual not being permitted to participate in team activities until they follow the requisite process, see Exhibit F.[213]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Non-team campus residents (Tiers 2 and 6) had to complete regular PCR testing.\u00a0 Meanwhile, Disney cast members residing off-campus wore face coverings.[214]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Further, cast members could not be in the same room with a player or team staff member without maintaining six feet of distance.[215]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Beyond PCR, the league was examining research options for Tier 1 personnel to participate in point-of-care testing (if available) on campus.[216]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Results and associated preparations would support ongoing COVID-19 research.[217]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Such testing would happen two to four hours before a practice or game, with positive test results also barring participation in team activities.[218]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Players and team staff needed to engage in \u201cDaily Health Monitoring,\u201d which included daily temperature recordings as well as checking vital signs, symptoms, and blood oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry).[219]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Multiple screening stations were erected by the league at the WWOS Complex and campus hotel entrances, along with COVID-19 testing areas, to monitor the daily health of individuals prior to entering a facility.[220]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Testers will don PPE, and test subjects will wear a face covering while maintaining physical distance from other subjects.[221]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All campus residents will additionally receive an individual smart thermometer that can record temperatures for the league.[222]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Self-reporting of symptoms continued to be required, and if symptoms were present, it would result in that individual\u2019s not participating in team activities as well as quarantine.[223]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Residents would also be provided with a pulse oximeter that takes and records blood oxygen saturation levels for the league.[224]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players and essential staff could optionally participate in using a wearable device (a ring) that creates a wellness assessment based on metrics including temperature, respiratory metrics, and heart rate.[225]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams were required to document the above information in a league health platform.[226]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All residents needed to always wear a Disney MagicBand, except when exercising, and scan it to gain access to most areas on campus (e.g., hotel room, COVID-19 testing).[227]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Disney, however, was prohibited from accessing location-based or health information for any player.[228]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 With respect to securing entry into various campus facilities, the NBA considered using an access control software that would determine access after syncing with an individual\u2019s latest test results, status, and Daily Health Monitoring inputs.[229]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Other individuals on campus residing on campus underwent the same Daily Health Monitoring.[230]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Disney Category 1 and 2 cast members not residing on-campus or coming in close proximity to players or team staff will use Disney\u2019s screening\/self-assessment and not the NBA\u2019s.[231]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Coaches, health and performance staff, and players were instructed to be mindful of conditioning, with a focus on preventing ligament, tendon, muscle, and bone stress injuries.[232]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Mental health resources were made available, and players were encouraged to utilize these resources, particularly for anxiety and stress related to being away from their household\/family members.[233]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Telehealth access was required for teams that did not include a clinician as part of their Traveling Party; NBA was exploring an on-site mental health resource for direct player services.[234]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Generally, individuals remained on campus.\u00a0 That said, no one was precluded from leaving, although the expectation was that it would only occur under extenuating circumstances and with prior league approval.[235]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Security checkpoints on campus monitored individuals and vehicles entering or leaving.\u00a0 The campus will include WWOS Complex (see Exhibit B), practice court set-ups, any hotel secured by NBA, any auxiliary sites secured by NBA for player or staff use (e.g., golf course), and any other sites designated by NBA for medical purposes.[236]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players or staff that left campus were subject to a re-entry protocol: including enhanced testing (via nasopharyngeal swab) and quarantine.[237]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Quarantine meant ten (up to fourteen, if directed by NBA physician) days in a hotel room or campus property.[238]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If a player left campus after receiving league approval, the player\u2019s quarantine would be four (subject to extension by physician) days provided that the player had: i) negative daily PCR test result for all days off-campus or ii) negative daily PCR test for preceding seven days.[239]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To exit quarantine a player had to undergo a final PCR test via nasopharyngeal swab.[240]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Pay was adjusted for any missed games while off-campus or in quarantine if the absence was not due to an extenuating circumstance.[241]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Various restrictions were instituted to lessen the probability of coronavirus infection.\u00a0 Until the conclusion of Phase 4, each campus hotel served as a \u201czone,\u201d with residents not permitted to intermingle with different zones.[242]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Limits would also be placed on the number of individuals on a shuttle to access another zone.[243]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Group workouts, practices, meetings, skills or conditioning sessions, and other team activities were to be held on-campus and scheduled with the NBA.[244]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams could conduct practices on two side-by-side courts and had access to a training and weight room within a short walk of the practice courts.[245]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams were given three-hour windows of exclusive use of each practice court, after which Disney would clean and disinfect the equipment.[246]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 About four teams shared the use of a practice court, with only one team permitted to use the court at a time.[247]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The NBA made available individual workout spaces that could be reserved for up to six players from the same team or hotel after team practices finished.[248]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams were granted access to two rooms to use for team meetings and video sessions, although physical distancing and face coverings rules still applied.[249]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Disney cast members disinfected and frequently cleaned training and practice equipment in accordance with the Protocols<\/em>, but at a minimum, in between uses by different teams.[250]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 NBA, NBPA, teams, and Disney were working to provide recovery services (NormaTec and Game Ready) and would distribute guidance once finalized.[251]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Unique hygienic provisions were implemented, given the ongoing pandemic.\u00a0 Players and staff were prohibited from sharing any personal items (e.g., food, towels, clothing), and during games, the NBA was investigating assigning players seats on the bench and an individual caddy for placing personal belongings.[252]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players and team staff were instructed to refrain from the following during practices or games: spitting, clearing nose, wiping ball with jersey, licking hands (and touching other items), and playing with or unnecessarily touching their mouthguard.[253]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The NBA would provide an awareness program prior to Phase 3 and with updates over the season to educate about these COVID-19 prevention behaviors.[254]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Oral objects (e.g., mouthguards) would need to be sterilized before and after each individual use, could not be shared, and should not be regularly handled.[255]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Linens and personal items (e.g., deodorant) should continue to not be shared among players.[256]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The NBA would have a process for washing used gear using Disney\u2019s facilities and receiving clean gear, while teams would be responsible for individual laundry (though hotel linens will be done by Disney).[257]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Showers would only be in individual hotel rooms, with none at the WWOS Complex.[258]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Individuals on-campus wore face coverings at all times except: while eating\/drinking, in their individual rooms, while outdoors or during physical activity, if physically distanced.[259]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players, the head coach, and up to four assistant coaches would be exempt from the face covering rule during individual or team workouts.[260]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Prior to and after having direct physical contact with a player, the staff member in question must wash his or her hands.[261]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If requested for therapy or treatment sessions, the staff member must use single-use gloves.[262]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Outside of emergencies, only a coach or a health and performance staff member could come within six feet of a player during team workouts and games; the physical distance was to be maintained except during meals outdoors and approved activities.[263]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Referees were not required to maintain physical distancing during games.[264]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Different guidance pertained to physical distancing outside of team workouts and games.\u00a0 Teammates were to refrain from unnecessary physical contact[265]<\/sup><\/a> and maintain physical distancing other than at meals outdoors or during approved activities.[266]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Individuals from different NBA teams were to always maintain physical distance, except during meals outdoors.[267]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players and team staff maintained as much distance as possible from non-team personnel (e.g., referees, league staff, and ESPN Arena staff), and when proper physical distancing could not be maintained due to related work, such contact was limited to the time necessary to complete said task.[268]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Category 1 Disney cast members[269]<\/sup><\/a> who do not need to be in the same room as a player or team or league staff to do their job had processes to remain away from the room when said individual is present.[270]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Category 2 Disney cast members[271]<\/sup><\/a> who needed to be in the same room as a player or team or league member only did so when required, donning a face covering, and maintaining as much physical distancing as possible (no less than 6 feet).[272]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Another set of rules related to proximity alarms, contact tracing, and food\/beverages.\u00a0 To promote physical distancing, the NBA would investigate a system where all staff would be required to wear a small device that would function as a proximity alarm.[273]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 An audio alert would be generated when less than six feet apart from an impermissible person.[274]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players would be given the option to wear a proximity alarm device, which will not collect data on movements or locations.[275]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The NBA would not access information from a player\u2019s device to determine the identities of any individual within six feet of the player.[276]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All players and staff participated in a contact tracing program administered by the NBA and\/or Orange and Osceola County Health Departments.[277]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players and staff refrained from sharing food or beverages; during workouts, players had access to single-use beverages in low\/no-touch dedicated areas.[278]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Teams should label individual items and provide receptacles for disposal in a low\/no-touch manner.[279]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Following quarantine clearance, players and staff could eat individually or with individuals residing at the same hotel.[280]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Generally, meals were eaten outside when possible or with six feet of separation if indoors.[281]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Disney provided teams with its own dedicated culinary team (under the guidance of an executive chef) to create individualized menus, support dietary needs, and ensure guidelines are followed.[282]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Each team had its own meal room, ideally open 24\/7, for pick-up of meals, beverage, and single-use food items.[283]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Until the Restart Phase, players and staff could receive off-campus food delivery if prepared by a team or personal chef and meets certain guidelines or a designated restaurant approved by the NBA and NBPA.[284]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Disney food and beverage staff wore appropriate protective equipment at all times and maintained physical distance from players and staff.[285]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 To enhance the on-campus experience and promote mental health and wellness, the NBA arranged for social activities or amenities in secured locations consistent with the health and safety principles of the Protocols<\/em>.[286]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 These activities included a game room or player lounge at each hotel, golf, swimming, fishing, other water sports, movie screenings, concerts, running trails, bike ride, and other excursions.[287]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The NBA made arrangements for personal services, which the NBPA proposed and both sides discussed and agreed upon.[288]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Individuals could not congregate in each other\u2019s hotel rooms; to address a lack of gathering space, the NBA explored the availability of other spaces on-campus.[289]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Social interactions were restricted to residents of the same hotel.[290]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For indoor activities, a face covering should be always worn by all individuals.[291]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Individuals could not consume food while participating in the activity.[292]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Hand hygiene and physical distancing was maintained as much as possible.[293]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Frequently touched items were cleaned and disinfected often, even as much as in between each use.[294]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Certain activities had specific rules laid out by the NBA.\u00a0 For card games, physical distancing at six feet is not possible, but individuals were to refrain from unnecessary physical contact and maintain as much distance as possible; games limited to smaller groups were encouraged.[295]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 After each game, the card packs were discarded.[296]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players needed to maintain six feet of distance while playing video games and communal headsets would not be available.[297]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Ping Pong equipment was picked up after disinfection, table surfaces were disinfected prior to use, and doubles play was restricted.[298]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For golf, clubs and golf balls were not to be shared and caddies will not be permitted.[299]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Golf carts needed to be cleaned prior to each use and players and staff could only use carts individually.[300]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Individuals could not share pool equipment (e.g., goggles, snorkels) and all loungers, chairs, and tables would be disinfected prior to use.[301]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Following a seven-day quarantine, barber services were available to players starting July 9.[302]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Occupancy limits were in place along with staggered appointments to allow for sufficient cleaning between sessions. \u00a0Communal objects (e.g., newspapers) were removed and plexiglass installed, where possible (e.g., manicurist), between service providers and recipients.[303]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Other steps were taken to enhance the likelihood of these Protocols being successfully implemented.\u00a0 Teams were to identify one staff member as a \u201cTeam Campus Health Officer,\u201d as well as a backup officer, who would ensure that every team individual complied with the Protocols<\/em> and participated in regular COVID-19 testing and Daily Health Monitoring for the entirety of the Team\u2019s stay.[304]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Officers needed to be well-versed on the Protocols<\/em> and communicate daily with the league office regarding compliance with them.[305]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The league office and ESPN also designated Campus Health Officers to ensure compliance by their staff.[306]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Within three days of commencing team workouts on-campus, all teams held another session to discuss the Protocols<\/em> with players and staff.[307]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Limited media personnel may have resided on-campus and will undergo similar COVID-19 and Daily Health Monitoring processes as other residents.[308]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Media were required to comply with the Protocols<\/em>, particularly adhering to the defined media availability periods and residing at a different hotel than players or team staff.[309]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Pets were prohibited from being on-campus, although certified service animal requests would be considered by the NBA and NBPA.[310]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

A few other campus conditions were pertinent prior to the beginning of scrimmages. Certain medical care would be provided on-site, to reduce exits from campus, via a medical clinic operated by local staff, clinicians, and NBA-engaged physicians.[311]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Said clinic would include the ability to conduct x-rays, ultrasounds, address urgent care needs, and engage with sub-specialty consultants on-campus.[312]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Separate areas were provided for players versus other campus residents in order to reduce close contact.[313]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If emergency care was needed, a resident would be transported to a designated hospital and emergency department.[314]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 An MRI Center on campus was made available, while prescription medication was delivered in coordination with local physicians.[315]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Random testing via urine sample commenced July 7, 2020 though only the presence of SPEDs and Diuretics will be tested.[316]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Doping control officers assisting with the test collection wore a face covering and face shield, gloves, and other appropriate PPE.[317]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Disney implemented its own enhanced health and safety protocols.\u00a0 The number of people involved in supporting the campus would be minimized, with cast members assigned to a specific property (rather than rotated) and restricted from being at in-use facilities unless necessary.[318]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 A multi-day training course would be required for housekeeping staff, who would also need to wear appropriate PPE and not come in close contact with campus residents.[319]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Staff were assigned up to a few floors to service and did so weekly to minimize contact with players and staff.[320]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If used, gloves were not reused between rooms.[321]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 At least one Disney senior point of contact would be designated as the Disney Campus Health Officer to oversee compliance with the Protocols<\/em> by cast members.[322]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Disney would go above and beyond the cleaning and disinfecting procedures already specified by increasing the availability of hand washing and sanitizing stations, cleaning \u201cas needed\u201d areas and items before and after use by a team, and sanitize high-touch surfaces approximately every two hours.[323]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Each room on-campus would have a dedicated outside air system, fan coil unit, and bathroom exhaust fan so that air is not recirculated between rooms.[324]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All three arenas at WWOS Complex would have their air filters replaced prior to the resumption of the season.[325]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Disney and the NBA will post signage, markings, and decals throughout campus facilities to promote compliance with these Protocols.[326]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>Phase Five<\/em><\/h2>\n

On or around July 22 and lasting through July 29, teams played in three inter-squad scrimmages (against teams in the same hotel) as preparation for the season.[327]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For individual workouts, up to six players (regardless of team or hotel) could shoot on a basket.[328]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All residents underwent daily temperature, symptom, and pulse oximetry checks (i.e., Daily Health Monitoring), as well within a reasonable time prior to the inter-squad scrimmage.[329]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Residents had the option to participate in the use of a wearable device to generate personalized wellness assessments.[330]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players, head coaches and up to four assistant coaches, did not need to wear a face covering during workouts or scrimmages.[331]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 MagicBands were to be worn at all times by residents, except for players during workouts or scrimmages.[332]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Individuals would now be permitted to access other hotels on campus, either for meals or social activities.[333]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Players and team staff remained prohibited from sharing food or beverages, but may eat with any other player or team staff on-campus.[334]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 However, meals between players from different teams were eaten outside.[335]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 When eating indoors, six feet of distance must be maintained between individuals.[336]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Social activities mentioned in Phase 4 could still be engaged in, as well as among players or staff from different teams or hotels, so long as individuals abided by rules regarding face coverings, physical distancing, and hand and respiratory hygiene.[337]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>Phase Six<\/em><\/h2>\n

On July 30, the 2019-20 season officially restarted with requirements and conditions from Phase 5 remaining in place, unless superseded.[338]<\/a>\u00a0 Besides regular PCR testing, all Tier 1 Personnel participating in a game would, if available, undergo point-of-care PCR testing on-campus two to four hours prior to the game.[339]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 If any individual returned a positive PCR test result, they would be prohibited from participating in the game and team activities on-campus until they completed the required procedures for positive PCR results, see Exhibit F.[340]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Policies established in Phase 5 regarding individual workout spaces, interaction between members from different hotel zones, meals, social activities, face coverings, and MagicBands remained in effect.[341]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Besides the Protocols<\/em> discussed, the NBA will develop and distribute updated basketball operations policies[342]<\/sup><\/a> prior to Phase Six.[343]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

An additional wrinkle relevant to Phase Six was the ability for teams that advanced past the first round of the playoffs to reserve up to seventeen guest rooms (depending on players present on campus) for Player Guests to travel to and stay on-campus.[344]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Each player could have up to two rooms for guests, who may include any individual that fulfills the requisite participate requirements and is not a certified agent (unless said agent is a family member of the player).[345]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Player Guests must quarantine at home for at least one week, except for essential activities, before commencing the initial quarantine (see below).[346]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 All Player Guests must submit a clearance form via a physician attesting that they do not have any COVID-19 risk factors and have not had any related symptoms or exposures.[347]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Prior to beginning the initial quarantine, each team must hold at least one virtual education and training session regarding the Protocols<\/em> for the Player Guests in a manner consistent with the session provided for players and staff.[348]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Prior to traveling to the campus, Player Guests underwent an initial quarantine of at least three days either at a house or hotel in the player\u2019s team\u2019s market or in Orlando.[349]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Any Player Guest (and potentially others in his\/her party) testing positive during this period would not be permitted to travel to the campus.[350]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 After clearing the initial quarantine, each Player Guest would travel directly to campus and head to their assigned hotel without engaging with other individuals.[351]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Upon arrival on-campus, each Player Guest would undergo PCR and serology\/antibody testing coordinated by a league-affiliated testing provider.[352]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 A team physician would be notified of any Player Guest positive test result and such Guest will self-isolate in league-provided accommodations.[353]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Prior to full inclusion on-campus, Player Guests were subject to at least a four-day quarantine, monitoring, and testing period (subject to extension by NBA-designated physician).[354]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 During this quarantine, Player Guests must remain in their room[355]<\/sup><\/a> and refrain from interacting with any other individual (including the Player they are visiting).[356]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Player Guests would also undergo daily temperature, symptom, and pulse oximetry screening and PCR testing.[357]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Following the four-day quarantine, if asymptomatic and only negative PCR tests, a physician would clear Player Guest to relocate on-campus and interact, or even reside, with the player.[358]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Prior to departing for the campus, Player Guests would certify that they adhered and will continue to adhere to the same campus rules as players and team staff, including: remaining on-campus at all times,[359]<\/sup><\/a> undergoing regular PCR testing, wearing face covering according to the Protocols<\/em>, physical distancing, undergoing Daily Health Monitoring, complying with contact tracing, and regularly handwashing.[360]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 The NBA and NBPA would evaluate whether to put a process in place for Player Guests to arrive seven days before the beginning of the second round and options at the beginning of each of the Finals.[361]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Incoming individuals, such as team or league staff, would be subject to a seven-day in-room quarantine, testing, and monitoring period.[362]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 As an exception, health-related staff would only be subject to four days, if, for at least seven days, prior to traveling to campus the member tests negative via PCR test on an every-other-day basis.[363]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Such staff would need to test negative via PCR at least three times, with the final time via nasopharyngeal swab prior to exiting quarantine.[364]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Based on a traveler\u2019s point of origin, the NBA had discretion to determine that an extended period of quarantine is appropriate.[365]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 For the utmost safety of players\u2019 and staffs\u2019 households, a resident must return a negative PCR test within 24 hours prior to their departure time from Orlando.[366]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h1>\n

At a time when America (and the world as a whole) was brought to its knees by a raging COVID-19 pandemic, the NBA met the challenge head-on. \u00a0At the beginning of the pandemic, live sports were almost nonexistent as various leagues sought to find the best way to return to play.[367]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 However, by June 2020, Commissioner Silver explained to reporters, \u201cWe\u2019re coming back because sports matter in our society.\u00a0 They bring people together when they need it the most.\u201d[368]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Indeed \u201csports as an escape\u201d was more important than ever during the pandemic as individuals were primarily bound to their homes.[369]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 After all was said and done, the NBA \u201cbubble\u201d was deemed a success as the Los Angeles Lakers were crowned champions and, most importantly, no COVID-19 cases were reported inside the \u201cbubble.\u201d[370]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 As evidenced above, this feat was no coincidence but the direct result of the meticulously planned and executed Protocols<\/em>.\u00a0 In the midst of a pandemic, the NBA, NBPA, and Disney teamed up to do what many viewed as impossible and found a way to resume (and finish) the 2019-20 NBA Season.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Exhibit A \u2013 Spread of COVID-19<\/strong>[371]<\/sup><\/a><\/h1>\n

(See PDF Version)<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exhibit B \u2013 ESPN Wide World of Sports (\u201cWWOS\u201d) Map<\/strong><\/h1>\n

(See PDF Version)<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exhibit C \u2013 Testing Timeline for Players and Essential Staff<\/strong><\/h1>\n

(See PDF Version)<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exhibit D \u2013 Participant Tiers<\/strong>[372]<\/sup><\/a><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Tier<\/td>\nIndividuals<\/td>\nAdditional Applicable Rules<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/strong> (on-court personnel essential to resumption of the 2019-20 season or individuals in close contact with mask-less on-court personnel)<\/td>\nPlayers, coaches, health and performance staff, team\u2019s senior basketball executive, equipment managers and attendants, referees<\/td>\nAccess to \u201cRestricted Areas,\u201d[373]<\/sup><\/a> hand hygiene, and masks\/face coverings during games<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2 <\/strong>(individuals who may be in close contact with Tier 1 individuals or may need access to Restricted Areas)<\/td>\nTeam security, team front office staff, team PR\/communications staff, team social content staff, other team staff not listed in Tier 1, certain league staff, ESPN arena staff, courtside staff, player guests, NBPA staff, NBPA-retained film crew, individuals need for social activities or amenities<\/td>\nHand hygiene, access to Restricted Areas or limited contact with Tier 1, player guest limitations (e.g., distanced seating, no access to locker rooms or training\/weight rooms), and media policies (e.g., seating areas, limited player interaction)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/strong> (individuals providing essential services, who will not come in close contact with Tier 1 individuals, but may need access to Restricted Areas when Tier 1 individuals not present)<\/td>\nDisney Category 1 and 2 cast members, transportation vendors, outside service providers who may need isolated access to Restricted Areas, Emergency Medical Services<\/td>\nFace coverings\/gloves, hand hygiene, minimal access to Restricted Areas, physical distancing from other tiers, emergency medical services only if needed, barriers to separate transportation vendors from players<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/strong> (individuals present for games\/practices, but will not reside on campus and cannot have close contact with Tier 1 or 2 personnel)<\/td>\nGovernors, select senior team executives, NBA\/NBPA executive staff, injured player observing a game, select sponsors, media residing off-campus, external service providers without access to Restricted Areas<\/td>\nReside off campus, no regular COVID-19 testing, temperature\/symptom screened, separate entrances\/exits, required masks\/face coverings, observation area (> 25 feet from the court), no contact with other Tiers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/strong> (individuals providing services, but not residing on campus nor entering any Restricted Areas)<\/td>\nMember of broadcast compound residing separately, certain PR\/security staff<\/td>\nReside off campus, periodic COVID-19 testing, no regular daily health monitoring, required masks\/face coverings, limited access to Restricted Areas, no contact with other Tiers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/strong> (individuals residing on campus, but (unless permitted by NBA) not entering Restricted Areas when Tier 1 or 2 personnel are present nor coming in close contact with said personnel<\/td>\nIT, other support staff<\/td>\nRegular COVID-19 testing and daily health monitoring, limited access to Restricted Areas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/a>Exhibit E \u2013 Masks\/Face Coverings During Games<\/strong>[374]<\/sup><\/a><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
GROUP <\/strong><\/td>\nARE FACE COVERINGS REQUIRED DURING GAMES? <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
First row bench <\/strong>(participating players + coaches)<\/td>\nNo<\/strong>, including:<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 During pregame warmups or shootaround<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Locker room in between warmups and game<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Postgame \u2013 until they have to travel back to the hotel (masks required when traveling)<\/p>\n

Though not required, it is recommended that coaches wear face coverings pre- or post-game where feasible (e.g., in situations where a face covering does not unduly interfere with the coach\u2019s ability to do his or her job).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Second row bench <\/strong>(other players + coaches)<\/td>\nYes<\/strong>, at all times (except any active players who are dressed for the game and eligible to participate, but need to sit in the second row to promote distancing, will not be required to wear a mask)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Medical\/training staff <\/strong>(e.g., athletic trainer, physician)<\/td>\nYes<\/strong>, at all times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Referees <\/strong><\/td>\nNo <\/strong>including:<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 During pregame preparation<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Locker room in between warmups and game<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Postgame \u2013 until they have to travel back to the hotel (masks required when traveling)<\/p>\n

Though not required, it is recommended that referees wear face coverings pre- or post-game where feasible (e.g., in situations where a face covering does not unduly interfere with the referee\u2019s ability to do his or her job).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Scorer\u2019s table crew <\/strong>(e.g., official scorer, game clock operator)<\/td>\nYes<\/strong>, at all times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ball boys\/equipment attendants <\/strong><\/td>\nYes<\/strong>, at all times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Statistician <\/strong>(in stands or behind scorer\u2019s table)<\/td>\nNo <\/strong>(however, face coverings are required before\/after games and during halftime)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PA announcer <\/strong><\/td>\nNo <\/strong>(however, face coverings are required before\/after games and during halftime)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Any other team staff <\/strong>(e.g., social content, communications)<\/td>\nYes<\/strong>, at all times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Any on-court broadcast staff <\/strong>(e.g., camera operators, utility staff)<\/td>\nYes<\/strong>, at all times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Any other staff present at the arena <\/strong><\/td>\nYes<\/strong>, at all times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Any individuals observing games <\/strong>(e.g., Player Guests, media, governors, etc.)<\/td>\nYes<\/strong>, at all times<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/a>Exhibit F \u2013 COVID-19 Testing and Monitoring Requirements<\/strong>[375]<\/sup><\/a><\/h1>\n
    \n
  1. Required COVID-19 Testing\n
      \n
    1. Players and essential team staff must undergo prior to and during season resumption.<\/li>\n
    2. League staff and Player Guests must undergo during season resumption (but no serology testing on individuals < 18 years old).<\/li>\n
    3. Regular PCR by nasal swab or saliva collection and limited amount of serology\/antibody testing (prior to Phase Four) by blood draw \/ spot. Rapid molecular or antigen testing if available and appropriate.<\/li>\n
    4. Nasopharyngeal swab will not be regularly undergone, only occasionally.<\/li>\n
    5. Testing samples will not be used in research inconsistent with Protocols, without written consent.<\/li>\n
    6. Test results will be shared with individual, team, NBA, and NBPA.<\/li>\n
    7. Those refusing to undergo testing are prohibited from Phase Four and may be required to permanently leave campus.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
    8. Required Health Monitoring\n
        \n
      1. Players and essential team staff must undergo prior to and during season resumption.<\/li>\n
      2. League staff and Player Guests must undergo during season resumption at intervals determined by NBA.<\/li>\n
      3. Includes: checking body temperature, COVID-19 symptom check, measuring blood oxygen saturation, and other monitoring.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \n
        1. Offered to optionally use a wearable ring device to collect information relevant to COVID-19 assessment. If illness probability score indicates individual at higher COVID-19 risk, team physician may be contacted.<\/li>\n
        2. Wearable ring device will be voluntary, its data fully accessible by player, and cannot be used in games. Further, no player data will be made available to public.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \n
          1. \n
              \n
            1. Information from monitoring will be shared with individual, team, NBA, and NBPA.<\/li>\n
            2. Any individual refusing to undergo monitoring will be prohibited from Phase Four and may be required to permanently leave campus.<\/li>\n
            3. Player testing and monitoring will be migrated to the league-wide EMR and deleted within four week following the conclusion of the 2019-20 season.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
            4. Other campus residents (e.g, ESPN Arena Staff) must undergo regular COVID-19 testing and Daily Health Monitoring. Refusal may result in individual being required to permanently leave campus.<\/li>\n
            5. Negative PCR test result, along with being asymptomatic allows continued participation in the current Phase.<\/li>\n
            6. Any positive COVID-19 test results (player, staff, household members) prior to arrival on-campus must be reported by physician to NBA.<\/li>\n
            7. NBA and NBPA will share results regarding positive PCR test results at all Phases.<\/li>\n
            8. Required procedures for positive PCR test results:\n
                \n
              1. Hospitalization, if needed<\/li>\n
              2. Immediate isolation in NBA-designated Isolation Housing<\/li>\n
              3. PCR retesting to confirm positive:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \n
                1. If PCR tests match, individual must remain in Isolation Housing and beginning process for monitoring, management, and resolution.<\/li>\n
                2. If PCR tests do not match, individual must remain in Isolation Housing for 24 hours and retest a third time<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n