{"id":1162,"date":"2012-01-13T10:39:30","date_gmt":"2012-01-13T15:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www3.law.harvard.edu\/journals\/hlpr\/?p=1162"},"modified":"2015-10-02T15:24:50","modified_gmt":"2015-10-02T15:24:50","slug":"school-to-prison-pipeline-scholarship-roundup","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/2012\/01\/13\/school-to-prison-pipeline-scholarship-roundup\/","title":{"rendered":"School-to-Prison-Pipeline Scholarship Roundup"},"content":{"rendered":"

Anne King<\/em><\/p>\n

Christopher Emdin\u2019s\u00a0thoughtful recent piece<\/a>\u00a0on arrests in public schools inspired me to put together a roundup of recent scholarship on the school-to-prison pipeline.\u00a0\u00a0 All of these pieces are sobering reads, but the authors offer\u00a0concrete ideas for how\u00a0we can\u00a0begin to dismantle the pipeline<\/p>\n

Sarah Jane Forman focuses on school search and seizure in\u00a0Countering Criminalization: Toward a Youth Development Approach to School Searches<\/em>, in the Fall 2011 issue of\u00a0The Scholar<\/em>\u00a0(St. Mary\u2019s). (A work-in-progress version is\u00a0available on SSRN<\/a>.) Forman makes the point that, because public schools play a critical role in socialization and citizenship education, school discipline itself is an experience through which children learn social norms. Unfortunately, Forman writes, the police or police-like presence in our schools \u2013 especially inner city high schools with minority student bodies \u2013 \u201cperpetuates the social norms that criminalize youth.\u201d Forman argues that current search and seizure practices are \u201cdevelopmentally inappropriate\u201d for highly impressionable adolescents, and advocates for a \u201cpositive youth development approach\u201d to school discipline. Currently, the legal standard for school searches is reasonable suspicion, under\u00a0T.L.O v. New Jersey<\/em>. But, Forman suggests, if we accounted for youths\u2019 interest in positive development when assessing the reasonableness of a search or seizure, the standard would necessarily elevate to probable cause.<\/span><\/p>\n

India Geronimo\u2019s\u00a0Deconstructing the Marginalization of \u201cUnderclass\u201d Students: Disciplinary Alternative Education<\/em>, in the\u00a0University of Toledo Law Review<\/em>\u2019s Winter 2011 issue, highlights the problem of disciplinary alternative education programs (DAEP); that is, placements outside mainstream schools for students deemed to have disciplinary problems. Geronimo explains some of the incentives that lead school administrators to rely heavily on DAEP as punishment, including test score pressure, a perceived easy fix to disciplinary issues, and a desire to appear authoritative or \u201ctough.\u201d Geronimo also offers a legal framework for ensuring accountability in DAEP\u2019s, suggesting that advocates might mount 1) educational adequacy challenges under state statutory and constitutional law; 2) due process challenges to DAEP placement procedures, based on either a deprivation of students\u2019 reputational interests or state law property interests in education; 3) Fourth Amendment challenges to searches and seizures in the DAEP context.<\/p>\n

Patrick Metze also examines DAEP\u2019s in\u00a0The Demise of DAEP: Plugging the School to Prison Pipeline by Addressing Cultural Racism in Public Education Discipline<\/a><\/em>, which\u00a0is forthcoming in the\u00a0Journal of Juvenile Law & Policy<\/em>.\u00a0 He argues that Texas should cease using DAEP\u2019s as part of its school discipline system, because DAEP\u2019s prison-like atmosphere perpetuates the school-to-prison pipeline, and because minority youth and youth with special needs disproportionately receive DAEP assignments.\u00a0 Instead, he argues Texas schools should implement alternatives to zero-tolerance discipline, such as \u201cpositive behavioral intervention and support\u201d programs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Anne King Christopher Emdin\u2019s\u00a0thoughtful recent piece\u00a0on arrests in public schools inspired me to put together a roundup of recent scholarship […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/peZQka-iK","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1162"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1162\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journals.law.harvard.edu\/lpr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}