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In Dodd-Frank’s Shadow: The Declining Competitiveness of U.S. Public Equity Markets

David Daniels
As we enter into 2011, things are looking up. The Dow Jones has recently broken through 12,000 and is climbing to pre-recession heights. The economy has emerged from the greatest downturn since the Great Depression and continues to show modest growth. Unemployment is slowly decreasing. But all is not well. A potentially worrying trend that gained traction at the beginning of the millennia continues to unfold: the decline of the competitiveness of U.S. public equity markets.

For example, consider the U.S. primary equity markets. In 2000, these markets attracted 54% of all global initial public offerings (IPOs)—IPOs by foreign companies issued on at least one public exchange outside the company’s domestic market. Similarly, foreign companies raised about 82% of the dollar value of all global IPOs on U.S. public exchanges.

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Questioning the 500 Equity Holders Trigger

William K. Sjostrom, Jr.
An obscure provision of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act) has received unprecedented attention in recent months because of the prominent role it appears to be playing in Facebook’s decision on going public. Specifically, Exchange Act Section 12(g)(1) requires any company with “total assets exceeding [$10,000,000] and a class of equity security . . . held of record by five hundred or more . . . persons” to register such security under the Exchange Act. The measurement date for these thresholds is the last day of a company’s fiscal year. It then has 120 days from that date to register. Today, the practical effect of this rule is to force certain types of firms into the public markets earlier than is desirable. A shift from a shareholder-based trigger to one based on trading volume would preserve the Rule’s underlying policy concerns while mitigating this unintended effect.

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