A Foreign Organ: Courts-Martial as an Alternative to the 9/11 Military Commissions
Benjamin Sonnenberg* [This essay is available in PDF at this link] Introduction Almost 3,000 Americans died on September 11, 2001.[1] In response to the disaster, and shortly following the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan, President Bush issued a Military Order pertaining to the “detention, treatment, and trial” of non-citizens in the War on Terror.[2] This Order established the modern system of military commissions at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base (GTMO). The Order authorized trial by military tribunal for non-U.S. citizens who were members of Al-Qaeda or engaged in acts of international terrorism.[3] Almost immediately, the tribunals came under intense scrutiny because they provided defendants with few legal protections, especially in comparison to those provided by courts-martial.[4] Academics and politicians from across the spectrum raised moral and legal concerns.[5] The new system was not exposed to Congressional […]